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This paper presents a Transformer-based image compression system that allows for a variable image quality objective according to the user's preference. Optimizing a learned codec for different quality objectives leads to reconstructed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Chia-Hao Kao , Yi-Hsin Chen , Cheng Chien , Wei-Chen Chiu , Wen-Hsiao Peng

Lossy image compression is essential for efficient transmission and storage. Traditional compression methods mainly rely on discrete cosine transform (DCT) or singular value decomposition (SVD), both of which represent image data in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-28 Pooya Ashtari , Pourya Behmandpoor , Fateme Nateghi Haredasht , Jonathan H. Chen , Panagiotis Patrinos , Sabine Van Huffel

Most existing vision encoders map images into a fixed-length sequence of tokens, overlooking the fact that different images contain varying amounts of information. For example, a visually complex image (e.g., a cluttered room) inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Lingjun Mao , Rodolfo Corona , Xin Liang , Wenhao Yan , Zineng Tang

Image tokenization plays a central role in modern generative modeling by mapping visual inputs into compact representations that serve as an intermediate signal between pixels and generative models. Diffusion-based decoders have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chuhan Wang , Hao Chen

Although there have been significant advancements in image compression techniques, such as standard and learned codecs, these methods still suffer from severe quality degradation at extremely low bits per pixel. While recent diffusion-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Chanung Park , Joo Chan Lee , Jong Hwan Ko

According to Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT) -- Intelligent representations compress data into the shortest possible program that can reconstruct its content, exhibiting low Kolmogorov Complexity (KC). In contrast, most visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Shivam Duggal , Sanghyun Byun , William T. Freeman , Antonio Torralba , Phillip Isola

Visual tokenizer is a critical component for vision generation. However, the existing tokenizers often face unsatisfactory trade-off between compression ratios and reconstruction fidelity. To fill this gap, we introduce a powerful and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shaobin Zhuang , Yiwei Guo , Canmiao Fu , Zhipeng Huang , Zeyue Tian , Xiaohui Li , Fangyikang Wang , Ying Zhang , Chen Li , Yali Wang

Autoregressive image modeling relies on visual tokenizers to compress images into compact latent representations. We design an end-to-end training pipeline that jointly optimizes reconstruction and generation, enabling direct supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenda Chu , Bingliang Zhang , Jiaqi Han , Yizhuo Li , Linjie Yang , Yisong Yue , Qiushan Guo

Accurate and efficient discrete video tokenization is essential for long video sequences processing. Yet, the inherent complexity and variable information density of videos present a significant bottleneck for current tokenizers, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haotian Ye , Qiyuan He , Jiaqi Han , Puheng Li , Jiaojiao Fan , Zekun Hao , Fitsum Reda , Yogesh Balaji , Huayu Chen , Sheng Liu , Angela Yao , James Zou , Stefano Ermon , Haoxiang Wang , Ming-Yu Liu

Discrete visual tokenizers translate images into ordered sequences of codes, providing a natural representation for structural description of scenes. Yet existing adaptive tokenizers either require post-hoc search or select among a discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Piotr Wyrwiński , Kacper Dobek , Krzysztof Krawiec

Recent advances in visual generation have emphasized the importance of Latent Generative Models (LGMs), which critically depend on effective visual tokenizers to bridge pixels and semantic representations. However, tokenizers constructed on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Mingkai Jia , Mingxiao Li , Zhijian Shu , Anlin Zheng , Liaoyuan Fan , Jiaxin Guo , Tianxing Shi , Dongyue Lu , Zeming Li , Xiaoyang Guo , Xiaojuan Qi , Xiao-Xiao Long , Qian Zhang , Ping Tan , Wei Yin

Fine-grained image recognition is challenging because discriminative clues are usually fragmented, whether from a single image or multiple images. Despite their significant improvements, most existing methods still focus on the most…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Xinda Liu , Lili Wang , Xiaoguang Han

Image compression is a method to remove spatial redundancy between adjacent pixels and reconstruct a high-quality image. In the past few years, deep learning has gained huge attention from the research community and produced promising image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-07 Khawar Islam , L. Minh Dang , Sujin Lee , Hyeonjoon Moon

Camera relocalization relies on 3D models of the scene with a large memory footprint that is incompatible with the memory budget of several applications. One solution to reduce the scene memory size is map compression by removing certain 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zakaria Laskar , Iaroslav Melekhov , Assia Benbihi , Shuzhe Wang , Juho Kannala

Recently, many neural network-based image compression methods have shown promising results superior to the existing tool-based conventional codecs. However, most of them are often trained as separate models for different target bit rates,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Jooyoung Lee , Seyoon Jeong , Munchurl Kim

Image tokenization, the process of transforming raw image pixels into a compact low-dimensional latent representation, has proven crucial for scalable and efficient image generation. However, mainstream image tokenization methods generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kaiwen Zha , Lijun Yu , Alireza Fathi , David A. Ross , Cordelia Schmid , Dina Katabi , Xiuye Gu

Image tokenization has enabled major advances in autoregressive image generation by providing compressed, discrete representations that are more efficient to process than raw pixels. While traditional approaches use 2D grid tokenization,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Roman Bachmann , Jesse Allardice , David Mizrahi , Enrico Fini , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , Elmira Amirloo , Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Amir Zamir , Afshin Dehghan

Visual tokenizers are fundamental to image generation. They convert visual data into discrete tokens, enabling transformer-based models to excel at image generation. Despite their success, VQ-based tokenizers like VQGAN face significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zechen Bai , Jianxiong Gao , Ziteng Gao , Pichao Wang , Zheng Zhang , Tong He , Mike Zheng Shou

In autoregressive (AR) image generation, visual tokenizers compress images into compact discrete latent tokens, enabling efficient training of downstream autoregressive models for visual generation via next-token prediction. While scaling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianwei Xiong , Jun Hao Liew , Zilong Huang , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

In quantised autoencoders, images are usually split into local patches, each encoded by one token. This representation is redundant in the sense that the same number of tokens is spend per region, regardless of the visual information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Tim Elsner , Paula Usinger , Victor Czech , Gregor Kobsik , Yanjiang He , Isaak Lim , Leif Kobbelt