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Using large language models (LLMs) to solve complex robotics problems requires understanding their planning capabilities. Yet while we know that LLMs can plan on some problems, the extent to which these planning capabilities cover the space…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jorge Mendez-Mendez

Large language models (LLMs) with advanced cognitive capabilities are emerging as agents for various reasoning and planning tasks. Traditional evaluations often focus on specific reasoning or planning questions within controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Tianlong Wang , Pinqiao Wang , Weili Shi , Sheng li

We introduce GIER (Gap-driven Iterative Enhancement of Responses), a general framework for improving large language model (LLM) outputs through self-reflection and revision based on conceptual quality criteria. Unlike prompting strategies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rinku Dewri

Language models (LMs) have recently shown remarkable performance on reasoning tasks by explicitly generating intermediate inferences, e.g., chain-of-thought prompting. However, these intermediate inference steps may be inappropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Debjit Paul , Mete Ismayilzada , Maxime Peyrard , Beatriz Borges , Antoine Bosselut , Robert West , Boi Faltings

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance by producing long chains of thought, but their inference costs are high and often generate redundant reasoning. Small language models (SLMs) are far more efficient, yet struggle on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Haojin Wang , Yike Wang , Shangbin Feng , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Yulia Tsvetkov

Test-time compute scaling is a primary axis for improving LLM reasoning. Existing methods primarily scale depth by extending a single reasoning trace. Scaling breadth by sampling multiple candidates in parallel is straightforward, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shang Zhou , Wenhao Chai , Kaiyuan Liu , Huanzhi Mao , Qiuyang Mang , Jingbo Shang

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed AI research thanks to their powerful internal capabilities and knowledge. However, existing LLMs still fail to effectively incorporate the massive external knowledge when interacting with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tao Feng , Pengrui Han , Guanyu Lin , Ge Liu , Jiaxuan You

Technology mapping is a critical yet challenging stage in logic synthesis. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied to generate optimization scripts, their potential for core algorithm enhancement remains untapped. We introduce…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Rongliang Fu , Yi Liu , Qiang Xu , Tsung-Yi Ho

As the performance of larger, newer Large Language Models continues to improve for strategic Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks, the demand for these state-of-the-art models increases commensurately. However, their deployment is costly both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Nunzio Lore , Sepehr Ilami , Babak Heydari

Recently, various studies have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to help decision-making and planning in environments, and try to align the LLMs' knowledge with the world conditions. Nonetheless, the capacity of LLMs to continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yicheng Feng , Yuxuan Wang , Jiazheng Liu , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

We propose a novel prompt design paradigm that challenges conventional wisdom in large language model (LLM) prompting. While conventional wisdom prioritizes well-crafted instructions and demonstrations for in-context learning (ICL), we show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jianyu Wang , Zhiqiang Hu , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements in reasoning capabilities. However, they still face challenges such as high computational demands and privacy concerns. This paper…

Driven by recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), a growing literature has demonstrated the potential for using large language models (LLMs) as scalable surrogates to generate human-like responses in many business applications. Two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Lei Wang , Zikun Ye , Jinglong Zhao

Real-world path planning tasks typically involve multiple constraints beyond simple route optimization, such as the number of routes, maximum route length, depot locations, and task-specific requirements. Traditional approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Dylan Shim , Minghan Wei

Simulating user search behavior is a critical task in information retrieval, which can be employed for user behavior modeling, data augmentation, and system evaluation. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have opened up new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Erhan Zhang , Xingzhu Wang , Peiyuan Gong , Zixuan Yang , Jiaxin Mao

Recent advances have established a new machine learning paradigm based on scaling up compute at inference time as well as at training time. In that line of work, a combination of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on synthetic demonstrations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Corrado Rainone , Tim Bakker , Roland Memisevic

Machine intelligence marks the ultimate dream of making machines' intelligence comparable to human beings. While recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) show substantial specific skills for a wide array of downstream tasks, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zeyuan Ma , Wenqi Huang , Guo-Huan Song , Hongshu Guo , Sijie Ma , Zhiguang Cao , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on complex reasoning tasks by generating multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but using a fixed token budget per query leads to over-computation on easy inputs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Katrina Brown , Aneesh Muppidi , Rana Shahout

The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language tasks, marking significant strides towards general artificial intelligence. While general artificial intelligence is leveraged by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yizhe Yang , Huashan Sun , Jiawei Li , Runheng Liu , Yinghao Li , Yuhang Liu , Heyan Huang , Yang Gao
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