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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have attracted increasing attention for their strong control capabilities. However, their high computational cost and low execution frequency hinder their suitability for real-time tasks such as robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ye Li , Yuan Meng , Zewen Sun , Kangye Ji , Chen Tang , Jiajun Fan , Xinzhu Ma , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Vision-language-action (VLA) models provide a powerful approach to training control policies for physical systems, such as robots, by combining end-to-end learning with transfer of semantic knowledge from web-scale vision-language model…

The vision transformer is a model that breaks down each image into a sequence of tokens with a fixed length and processes them similarly to words in natural language processing. Although increasing the number of tokens typically results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Qiqi Zhou , Yichen Zhu

Recent advances in FlowMatching-based Vision-Language-Action (VLA) frameworks have demonstrated remarkable advantages in generating high-frequency action chunks, particularly for highly dexterous robotic manipulation tasks. Despite these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yang Chen , Xiaoguang Ma , Bin Zhao

Despite progress, Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) are limited by a scarcity of large-scale, diverse robot data. While human manipulation videos offer a rich alternative, existing methods are forced to choose between small,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Hao Luo , Ye Wang , Wanpeng Zhang , Haoqi Yuan , Yicheng Feng , Haiweng Xu , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

In robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models that integrate diverse multimodal signals from multi-view inputs have emerged as an effective approach. However, most prior work adopts static fusion that processes all visual inputs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Young-Chae Son , Jung-Woo Lee , Yoon-Ji Choi , Dae-Kwan Ko , Soo-Chul Lim

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a compelling framework for tackling complex robotic manipulation tasks, but they are often expensive to train. In this paper, we propose a novel VLA approach that leverages the competitive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Max Argus , Jelena Bratulic , Houman Masnavi , Maxim Velikanov , Nick Heppert , Abhinav Valada , Thomas Brox

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable generalist robotic manipulation but suffer from high inference latency. This bottleneck stems from the massive number of visual tokens processed by large language backbones. Existing methods either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuquan Li , Lianjie Ma , Han Ding , Lijun Zhu

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) have demonstrated strong potential for embodied AI, yet their deployment on resource-limited robots remains challenging due to high memory and computational demands. While Post-Training Quantization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Siyuan Xu , Tianshi Wang , Fengling Li , Lei Zhu , Heng Tao Shen

In this study, we address the problem of language-guided robotic manipulation, where a robot is required to manipulate a wide range of objects based on visual observations and natural language instructions. This task is essential for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yusuke Takagi , Motonari Kambara , Daichi Yashima , Koki Seno , Kento Tokura , Komei Sugiura

A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Liu , Hao Chen , Pengju An , Zhuoyang Liu , Renrui Zhang , Chenyang Gu , Xiaoqi Li , Ziyu Guo , Sixiang Chen , Mengzhen Liu , Chengkai Hou , Mengdi Zhao , KC alex Zhou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

The rapid progress of auto-regressive vision-language models (VLMs) has inspired growing interest in vision-language-action models (VLA) for robotic manipulation. Recently, masked diffusion models, a paradigm distinct from autoregressive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yuqing Wen , Hebei Li , Kefan Gu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Xiaoyan Sun

Deploying powerful Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on edge devices is limited by their massive size. In this paper, we take a deployment-oriented view of VLA training: we target efficiency through model design and optimization, rather…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hongyu Wang , Chuyan Xiong , Ruiping Wang , Xilin Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path to realizing generalist embodied agents that can quickly adapt to new tasks, modalities, and environments. However, methods for interpreting and steering VLAs fall far short of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bear Häon , Kaylene Stocking , Ian Chuang , Claire Tomlin

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promise for robot control, but their dependence on action supervision limits scalability and generalization. To address this challenge, we introduce CARE, a novel framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiaqi Shi , Xulong Zhang , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models extend vision-language models to embodied control by mapping natural-language instructions and visual observations to robot actions. Despite their capabilities, VLA systems face significant challenges due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weifan Guan , Qinghao Hu , Aosheng Li , Jian Cheng

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown great potential for embodied AI by integrating visual perception, language understanding, and action execution. In real-time deployment, these models must process continuous visual streams,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ziyan Liu , Yeqiu Chen , Hongyi Cai , Tao Lin , Shuo Yang , Zheng Liu , Bo Zhao

Force/torque feedback can substantially improve Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on contact-rich manipulation, but most existing approaches fuse all modalities at a single operating frequency. This design ignores the mismatched sampling…

Transformers are slow to train on videos due to extremely large numbers of input tokens, even though many video tokens are repeated over time. Existing methods to remove such uninformative tokens either have significant overhead, negating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Rohan Choudhury , Guanglei Zhu , Sihan Liu , Koichiro Niinuma , Kris M. Kitani , László Jeni

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a promising path to generalist robot control, but their inference latency causes observation staleness when generated actions are executed asynchronously. Several methods have been proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ayoub Agouzoul