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Limited expert time is a key bottleneck in medical imaging. Due to advances in image classification, AI can now serve as decision-support for medical experts, with the potential for great gains in radiologist productivity and, by extension,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Tomas Folke , Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang , Sean Anderson , Patrick Shafto

Explainable AI (XAI) is paramount in industry-grade AI; however existing methods fail to address this necessity, in part due to a lack of standardisation of explainability methods. The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Othman Benchekroun , Adel Rahimi , Qini Zhang , Tetiana Kodliuk

Explainability, the capability of an artificial intelligence system (AIS) to explain its outcomes in a manner that is comprehensible to human beings at an acceptable level, has been deemed essential for critical sectors, such as healthcare.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiawen Wei , Elena Verona , Andrea Bertolini , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to address the human need for safe and reliable AI systems. However, numerous surveys emphasize the absence of a sound mathematical formalization of key XAI notions -- remarkably including the term "explanation"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Pietro Barbiero , Stefano Fioravanti , Francesco Giannini , Alberto Tonda , Pietro Lio , Elena Di Lavore

Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform data analysis in many domains. Progress in each domain is driven by a growing body of annotated data, increased computational resources, and technological innovations. In medicine, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Ahmad Chaddad , Qizong lu , Jiali Li , Yousef Katib , Reem Kateb , Camel Tanougast , Ahmed Bouridane , Ahmed Abdulkadir

The integration of artificial intelligence into business processes has significantly enhanced decision-making capabilities across various industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail. However, explaining the decisions made by these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Arne Grobrugge , Nidhi Mishra , Johannes Jakubik , Gerhard Satzger

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are necessary to help clinicians make sense of AI predictions and integrate predictions into their decision-making workflow. In this work, we conduct a survey study to understand clinician preference among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jun Hou , Lucy Lu Wang

With artificial intelligence (AI) embedded in many everyday software systems, effectively and reliably developing and maintaining AI systems becomes an essential skill for software developers. However, the complexity inherent to AI poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Thomas Weber

Explainable AI (XAI) is widely viewed as a sine qua non for ever-expanding AI research. A better understanding of the needs of XAI users, as well as human-centered evaluations of explainable models are both a necessity and a challenge. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yao Rong , Tobias Leemann , Thai-trang Nguyen , Lisa Fiedler , Peizhu Qian , Vaibhav Unhelkar , Tina Seidel , Gjergji Kasneci , Enkelejda Kasneci

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of an interpretable and semiautomatic approach to stage grading ocular pathologies such as Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, and other retinopathies on the backdrop of major…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Ayushi Raj Bhatt , Rajkumar Vaghashiya , Meghna Kulkarni , Dr Prakash Kamaraj

Although the widespread use of AI systems in today's world is growing, many current AI systems are found vulnerable due to hidden bias and missing information, especially in the most commonly used forecasting system. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Zhixuan Chu , Hui Ding , Guang Zeng , Shiyu Wang , Yiming Li

National and international guidelines for trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) consider explainability to be a central facet of trustworthy systems. This paper outlines a multi-disciplinary rationale for explainability auditing.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Markus Langer , Kevin Baum , Kathrin Hartmann , Stefan Hessel , Timo Speith , Jonas Wahl

Explainability is becoming an important requirement for organizations that make use of automated decision-making due to regulatory initiatives and a shift in public awareness. Various and significantly different algorithmic methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Tom Vermeire , Thibault Laugel , Xavier Renard , David Martens , Marcin Detyniecki

Explainability is an essential reason limiting the application of neural networks in many vital fields. Although neuro-symbolic AI hopes to enhance the overall explainability by leveraging the transparency of symbolic learning, the results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xin Zhang , Victor S. Sheng

This paper explores the significant impact of AI-based medical devices, including wearables, telemedicine, large language models, and digital twins, on clinical decision support systems. It emphasizes the importance of producing outcomes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Elham Nasarian , Roohallah Alizadehsani , U. Rajendra Acharya , Kwok-Leung Tsui

Machine learning (ML) is becoming increasingly popular in meteorological decision-making. Although the literature on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is growing steadily, user-centered XAI studies have not extend to this domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Soyeon Kim , Junho Choi , Yeji Choi , Subeen Lee , Artyom Stitsyuk , Minkyoung Park , Seongyeop Jeong , Youhyun Baek , Jaesik Choi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is critical for ensuring trust and accountability, yet its development remains predominantly visual. For blind and low-vision (BLV) users, the lack of accessible explanations creates a fundamental…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Abu Noman Md Sakib , Protik Dey , Zijie Zhang , Taslima Akter

Many ethical frameworks require artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be explainable. Explainable AI (XAI) models are frequently tested for their adequacy in user studies. Since different people may have different explanatory needs, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Uwe Peters , Mary Carman

Explaining deep learning models is essential for clinical integration of medical image analysis systems. A good explanation highlights if a model depends on spurious features that undermines generalization and harms a subset of patients or,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Yoni Schirris , Eric Marcus , Jonas Teuwen , Hugo Horlings , Efstratios Gavves

Translating machine learning (ML) models effectively to clinical practice requires establishing clinicians' trust. Explainability, or the ability of an ML model to justify its outcomes and assist clinicians in rationalizing the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Sana Tonekaboni , Shalmali Joshi , Melissa D McCradden , Anna Goldenberg