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The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become increasingly popular as a method to scale up large language models (LLMs). To save costs, heterogeneity-aware training solutions have been proposed to utilize GPU clusters made up of both…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yongji Wu , Xueshen Liu , Shuowei Jin , Ceyu Xu , Feng Qian , Z. Morley Mao , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures in large language models (LLMs) achieve exceptional performance, but face prohibitive storage and memory requirements. To address these challenges, we present $D^2$-MoE, a new delta decompression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hao Gu , Wei Li , Lujun Li , Qiyuan Zhu , Mark Lee , Shengjie Sun , Wei Xue , Yike Guo

The promising applications of large language models are often limited by the constrained GPU memory capacity available on edge devices. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models help address this issue by activating only a subset of the model's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiaoniu Song , Zihang Zhong , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) underscore the significance of scalable models and data to boost performance, yet this often incurs substantial computational costs. Although the Mixture of Experts (MoE)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yunxin Li , Shenyuan Jiang , Baotian Hu , Longyue Wang , Wanqi Zhong , Wenhan Luo , Lin Ma , Min Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved superior performance, yet the massive memory overhead caused by storing multiple expert networks severely hinders their practical deployment. Singular Value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhendong Mi , Yixiao Chen , Pu Zhao , Xiaodong Yu , Hao Wang , Yanzhi Wang , Shaoyi Huang

This paper introduces MoxE, a novel architecture that synergistically combines the Extended Long Short-Term Memory (xLSTM) with the Mixture of Experts (MoE) framework to address critical scalability and efficiency challenges in large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Abdoul Majid O. Thiombiano , Brahim Hnich , Ali Ben Mrad , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer

Recent advancements in large artificial intelligence models (LAMs) are driving significant innovations in mobile edge computing within next-generation wireless networks. However, the substantial demands for computational resources and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Song Gao , Songyang Zhang , Shusen Jing , Shuai Zhang , Xiangwei Zhou , Yue Wang , Zhipeng Cai

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) with Mixture of Experts (MoE) layers have gained significant attention. Currently, state-of-the-art LLMs utilize this architecture. There is a substantial amount of research on how to train such models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Andrei Chernov

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, training MoE from scratch in a large-scale setting still suffers from data-hungry and instability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Daize Dong , Jiacheng Ruan , Jingqi Tong , Conghui He , Yu Cheng

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal inference but impose significant computational and latency burdens, posing severe challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we propose…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zheming Yang , Qi Guo , Yunqing Hu , Chang Zhao , Chang Zhang , Jian Zhao , Wen Ji

The deployment of large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models on edge devices presents significant challenges due to memory constraints. While MoE architectures enable efficient utilization of computational resources by activating only a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Nishant Gavhane , Arush Mehrotra , Rohit Chawla , Peter Proenca

Large Language Models (LLMs) are key technologies driving intelligent systems to handle multiple tasks. To meet the demands of various tasks, an increasing number of LLMs-driven experts with diverse capabilities have been developed,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yuanshuai Wang , Xingjian Zhang , Jinkun Zhao , Siwei Wen , Peilin Feng , Shuhao Liao , Lei Huang , Wenjun Wu

By increasing model parameters but activating them sparsely when performing a task, the use of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

The advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has driven revolutionary applications like ChatGPT. The widespread of these applications relies on the mixture of experts (MoE), which contains multiple experts and selectively…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Jiacheng Wang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Dong In Kim , Khaled B. Letaief

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) models enable efficient inference by employing smaller experts and activating only a subset of them per token. MoE serving engines distribute experts across multiple GPUs and route tokens to appropriate GPUs at…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Sourish Wawdhane , Avinash Kumar , Poulami Das

As the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to expand, aligning these models with human values remains a significant challenge. Recent studies show that reasoning abilities contribute significantly to model safety, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhili Liu , Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Lanqing Hong , Jiahui Gao , Fei Mi , Yu Zhang , Zhenguo Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , James T. Kwok

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered widespread attention from researchers due to their remarkable understanding and generation capabilities in visual language tasks (e.g., visual question answering). However, the rapid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Xingjiao Wu , Qin Chen , Qingchun Bai , Ze Zhou , Liang He

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the dominant choice for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs), activating only a subset of parameters per token. While MoE architectures are primarily adopted for computational efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jeremy Herbst , Stefan Wermter , Jae Hee Lee

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently scale-up the model while keeping relatively low inference cost. As MoE models only activate part of the experts, related work has proposed expert prediction and caching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shien Zhu , Samuel Bohl , Robin Oester , Gustavo Alonso

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama