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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in text generation and knowledge-intensive question answering. Nevertheless, they are prone to producing hallucinated content, which severely undermines their reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has found a widespread use in computing education; at the same time, quality of generated materials raises concerns among educators and students. This study addresses this issue by introducing a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Evanfiya Logacheva , Arto Hellas , Tsvetomila Mihaylova , Juha Sorva , Ava Heinonen , Juho Leinonen

Hallucinations pose a significant challenge to the reliability and alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs), limiting their widespread acceptance beyond chatbot applications. Despite ongoing efforts, hallucinations remain a prevalent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Cem Uluoglakci , Tugba Taskaya Temizel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly important in natural language processing, enabling advanced data analytics through natural language queries. However, these models often generate "hallucinations"-inaccurate or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mikhail Rumiantsau , Aliaksei Vertsel , Ilya Hrytsuk , Isaiah Ballah

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is transforming scientific discovery, enabling rapid knowledge generation and hypothesis formulation. However, a critical challenge is hallucination, where LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Bhanu Prakash Vangala , Sajid Mahmud , Pawan Neupane , Joel Selvaraj , Jianlin Cheng

Chart summarization is a crucial task for blind and visually impaired individuals as it is their primary means of accessing and interpreting graphical data. Crafting high-quality descriptions is challenging because it requires precise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Omar Moured , Jiaming Zhang , M. Saquib Sarfraz , Rainer Stiefelhagen

In this work, we introduce CHAIR (Classifier of Hallucination As ImproveR), a supervised framework for detecting hallucinations by analyzing internal logits from each layer of every token. Our method extracts a compact set of features such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Ao Sun

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have significantly improved performance in visual question answering. However, they often suffer from hallucinations. In this work, hallucinations are categorized into two main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Feilong Tang , Chengzhi Liu , Zhongxing Xu , Ming Hu , Zelin Peng , Zhiwei Yang , Jionglong Su , Minquan Lin , Yifan Peng , Xuelian Cheng , Imran Razzak , Zongyuan Ge

Opinion summarization has been traditionally approached with unsupervised, weakly-supervised and few-shot learning techniques. In this work, we collect a large dataset of summaries paired with user reviews for over 31,000 products, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Arthur Bražinskas , Mirella Lapata , Ivan Titov

Multimodal hallucination in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) restricts the correctness of MLLMs. However, multimodal hallucinations are multi-sourced and arise from diverse causes. Existing benchmarks fail to adequately distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bowen Dong , Minheng Ni , Zitong Huang , Guanglei Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Lei Zhang

Charts are a powerful tool for visually conveying complex data, but their comprehension poses a challenge due to the diverse chart types and intricate components. Existing chart comprehension methods suffer from either heuristic rules or an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Zhi-Qi Cheng , Qi Dai , Siyao Li , Jingdong Sun , Teruko Mitamura , Alexander G. Hauptmann

Amongst the best means to summarize is highlighting. In this paper, we aim to generate summary highlights to be overlaid on the original documents to make it easier for readers to sift through a large amount of text. The method allows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Sangwoo Cho , Kaiqiang Song , Chen Li , Dong Yu , Hassan Foroosh , Fei Liu

This study addresses the problem of hallucinated span detection in the outputs of large language models. It has received less attention than output-level hallucination detection despite its practical importance. Prior work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yuya Ogasa , Yuki Arase

Hallucination detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of large language models (LLMs) in context-based generation. Prior work has explored intrinsic signals available during generation, among which attention offers a direct view…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Siya Qi , Yudong Chen , Runcong Zhao , Qinglin Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Wei Liu , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan , Lin Gui

Large language models (LLMs) produce context inconsistency hallucinations, which are LLM generated outputs that are misaligned with the user prompt. This research project investigates whether prompt engineering (PE) methods can mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Imane Jaaouine , Ross D. King

Although many studies have investigated and reduced hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) for single-document tasks, research on hallucination in multi-document summarization (MDS) tasks remains largely unexplored. Specifically, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Catarina G. Belem , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Hayate Iso , Seiji Maekawa , Nikita Bhutani , Estevam Hruschka

Detecting hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs is pivotal, yet traditional fine-tuning for this classification task is impeded by the expensive and quickly outdated annotation process, especially across numerous vertical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Dongxu Zhang , Varun Gangal , Barrett Martin Lattimer , Yi Yang

Hallucination is a well-known phenomenon in text generated by large language models (LLMs). The existence of hallucinatory responses is found in almost all application scenarios e.g., summarization, question-answering (QA) etc. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mobashir Sadat , Zhengyu Zhou , Lukas Lange , Jun Araki , Arsalan Gundroo , Bingqing Wang , Rakesh R Menon , Md Rizwan Parvez , Zhe Feng

Hallucination is a known issue for neural abstractive summarization models. Recent work suggests that the degree of hallucination may depend on errors in the training data. In this work, we propose a new method called Contrastive Parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Alexander R. Fabbri , Jesse Vig , Chien-Sheng Wu , Wenhao Liu , Nazneen Fatema Rajani

Retrosynthesis is one of the domains transformed by the rise of generative models, and it is one where the problem of nonsensical or erroneous outputs (hallucinations) is particularly insidious: reliable assessment of synthetic plans is…