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Driving in compliance with traffic laws and regulations is a basic requirement for human drivers, yet autonomous vehicles (AVs) can violate these requirements in diverse real-world scenarios. To encode law compliance into AV systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bowen Jian , Rongjie Yu , Hong Wang , Liqiang Wang , Zihang Zou

To enable autonomous driving in interactive traffic scenarios, various model predictive control (MPC) formulations have been proposed, each employing different interaction models. While higher-fidelity models enable more intelligent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shuhao Qi , Qiling Aori , Luyao Zhang , Mircea Lazar , Sofie Haesaert

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

The rapidly evolving field of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) is full of promise. However, in order to fulfil these promises, ADSs need to be safe in all circumstances. This paper introduces ISS-Scenario, an autonomous driving testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Renjue Li , Tianhang Qin , Cas Widdershoven

Simulation-based testing has become a standard approach to validating autonomous driving agents prior to real-world deployment. A high-quality validation campaign will exercise an agent in diverse contexts comprised of varying static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Joy Saha , Trey Woodlief , Sebastian Elbaum , Matthew B. Dwyer

Asymmetric damping is widely used in passive vehicle suspensions, with rebound damping often recommended to exceed compression damping by a factor of two to three. Despite its prevalence, this guideline remains largely empirical and lacks a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 José Geraldo Telles Ribeiro , Americo Cunha

Class diagrams (CDs), which specify classes and the relationships between them, are widely used for modeling the structure of object-oriented systems. As models, programs, and systems evolve over time, during the development lifecycle and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-09 Shahar Maoz , Jan Oliver Ringert , Bernhard Rumpe

Achieving greater autonomy in automation systems is crucial for handling unforeseen situations effectively. However, this remains challenging due to technological limitations and the complexity of real-world environments. This paper…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Johannes Sigel , Daniel Dittler , Nasser Jazdi , Michael Weyrich

Formal language techniques have been used in the past to study autonomous dynamical systems. However, for controlled systems, new features are needed to distinguish between information generated by the system and input control. We show how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 J. F. Martins , J. A. Dente , A. J. Pires , R. Vilela Mendes

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promising capabilities in scene understanding, enhancing the explainability of driving behaviors and interactivity with users. Existing methods primarily fine-tune VLMs on on-board multi-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nan Song , Bozhou Zhang , Xiatian Zhu , Jiankang Deng , Li Zhang

Establishing trustworthy safety assurance for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) requires evidence that failures arise from avoidable system deficiencies rather than unavoidable traffic conflicts. Current adversarial simulation methods can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yizhuo Xiao , Haotian Yan , Ying Wang , Zhongpan Zhu , Yuxin Zhang , Xintao Yan , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Autonomous driving is an emerging technology that has advanced rapidly over the last decade. Modern transportation is expected to benefit greatly from a wise decision-making framework of autonomous vehicles, including the improvement of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Yuyang Xia , Shuncheng Liu , Quanlin Yu , Liwei Deng , You Zhang , Han Su , Kai Zheng

Scenario Description Languages (SDLs) provide structured, interpretable embeddings that represent traffic scenarios encountered by autonomous vehicles (AVs), supporting key tasks such as scenario similarity searches and edge case detection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Aron Harder , Madhur Behl

Recent advancements in statistical learning and computational abilities have enabled autonomous vehicle technology to develop at a much faster rate. While many of the architectures previously introduced are capable of operating under highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-14 David Paz , Hengyuan Zhang , Qinru Li , Hao Xiang , Henrik Christensen

Driving an automobile involves the tasks of observing surroundings, then making a driving decision based on these observations (steer, brake, coast, etc.). In autonomous driving, all these tasks have to be automated. Autonomous driving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Suraj Kothawade , Vinaya Khandelwal , Kinjal Basu , Huaduo Wang , Gopal Gupta

Predicting future trajectories of surrounding obstacles is a crucial task for autonomous driving cars to achieve a high degree of road safety. There are several challenges in trajectory prediction in real-world traffic scenarios, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Bo Dong , Hao Liu , Yu Bai , Jinbiao Lin , Zhuoran Xu , Xinyu Xu , Qi Kong

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) need an accurate and up-to-date representation of the environment for safe navigation. Traditional methods, which often rely on detailed environmental representations constructed offline, struggle in dynamically…

End-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision, and control problems in an integrated way, which can be easier to generalize at scale and be more adapting to new scenarios. However, high costs and risks make it very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Sidney Bender , Tim Joseph , Marius Zoellner

Autonomous vehicles (AV) look set to become common on our roads within the next few years. However, to achieve the final breakthrough, not only functional progress is required, but also satisfactory safety assurance must be provided. Among…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini , Cornelius Buerkle , Fabian Oboril , Michael Paulitsch