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Predicting the near-term behavior of a reactive agent is crucial in many robotic scenarios, yet remains challenging when observations of that agent are sparse or intermittent. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a promising avenue by…

Defining reward functions for skill learning has been a long-standing challenge in robotics. Recently, vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promise in defining reward signals for teaching robots manipulation skills. However, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Kaifeng Zhang , Zhao-Heng Yin , Weirui Ye , Yang Gao

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting advances LLM reasoning, challenges persist in consistency, accuracy, and self-correction, especially for complex or ethically sensitive tasks. Existing single-dimensional reflection methods offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mariana Costa , Alberlucia Rafael Soarez , Daniel Kim , Camila Ferreira

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of RF-Grasp, a robotic system that can grasp fully-occluded objects in unknown and unstructured environments. Unlike prior systems that are constrained by the line-of-sight perception of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Tara Boroushaki , Junshan Leng , Ian Clester , Alberto Rodriguez , Fadel Adib

Robust grasping represents an essential task in robotics, necessitating tactile feedback and reactive grasping adjustments for robust grasping of objects. Previous research has extensively combined tactile sensing with grasping, primarily…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yueming Hu , Mengde Li , Songhua Yang , Xuetao Li , Sheng Liu , Miao Li

Achieving generalizable and precise robotic manipulation across diverse environments remains a critical challenge, largely due to limitations in spatial perception. While prior imitation-learning approaches have made progress, their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yiqi Huang , Travis Davies , Jiahuan Yan , Jiankai Sun , Xiang Chen , Luhui Hu

Integrating Large Language Models (VLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with robotic systems enables robots to process and understand complex natural language instructions and visual information. However, a fundamental challenge remains:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Yuhang Hu , Yunzhe Wang , Ruibo Liu , Zhou Shen , Hod Lipson

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently advanced robotic manipulation by translating natural-language instructions and visual observations into control actions. However, existing VLAs are primarily trained on successful expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zewei Ye , Weifeng Lu , Minghao Ye , Tao Lin , Shuo Yang , Junchi Yan , Bo Zhao

Finetuning language agents with reasoning-action trajectories is effective, but obtaining these trajectories from human annotations or stronger models is costly and sometimes impractical. In this paper, we investigate the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zi-Yi Dou , Cheng-Fu Yang , Xueqing Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide array of NLP tasks. However, their efficacy is undermined by undesired and inconsistent behaviors, including hallucination, unfaithful reasoning, and toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Liangming Pan , Michael Saxon , Wenda Xu , Deepak Nathani , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intended to reflect human linguistic competencies. But humans have access to a broad and embodied context, which is key in detecting and resolving linguistic ambiguities, even in isolated text spans. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Amber Shore , Russell Scheinberg , Ameeta Agrawal , So Young Lee

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has improved the prospects for robotic tasks. However, existing benchmarks are still limited to single tasks with limited generalization capabilities. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Sitong Wu , Chuanyang Zheng , Hong Xu , Jiaya Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in medical Question Answering (QA), yet they remain prone to hallucinations and ungrounded reasoning, limiting their reliability in high-stakes clinical scenarios. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jessica Ryan , Alexander I. Gumilang , Robert Wiliam , Derwin Suhartono

Minigolf is an exemplary real-world game for examining embodied intelligence, requiring challenging spatial and kinodynamic understanding to putt the ball. Additionally, reflective reasoning is required if the feasibility of a challenge is…

The ability to learn and refine behavior after deployment has become ever more important for robots as we design them to operate in unstructured environments like households. In this work, we design a new learning system based on large…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Huihan Liu , Alice Chen , Yuke Zhu , Adith Swaminathan , Andrey Kolobov , Ching-An Cheng

Biases and errors in human-labeled data present significant challenges for machine learning, especially in supervised learning reliant on potentially flawed ground truth data. These flaws, including diagnostic errors and societal biases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Edward Y. Chang

When designing robots to assist in everyday human activities, it is crucial to enhance user requests with visual cues from their surroundings for improved intent understanding. This process is defined as a multimodal classification task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Shang-Chi Tsai , Seiya Kawano , Angel Garcia Contreras , Koichiro Yoshino , Yun-Nung Chen

Automatically detecting and recovering from failures is an important but challenging problem for autonomous robots. Most of the recent work on learning to plan from demonstrations lacks the ability to detect and recover from errors in the…

Reflexion-style agents rely on self-generated reflections as memory, implicitly assuming that agents can accurately diagnose their own failures.We show that this assumption can fail systematically: across ALFWorld and HumanEval, agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Prakhar Dixit , Sadia Kamal , Tim Oates

Current NLP techniques have been greatly applied in different domains. In this paper, we propose a human-in-the-loop framework for robotic grasping in cluttered scenes, investigating a language interface to the grasping process, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yaoxian Song , Penglei Sun , Pengfei Fang , Linyi Yang , Yanghua Xiao , Yue Zhang