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Performing robotic grasping from a cluttered bin based on human instructions is a challenging task, as it requires understanding both the nuances of free-form language and the spatial relationships between objects. Vision-Language Models…

Designing good reflection questions is pedagogically important but time-consuming and unevenly supported across teachers. This paper introduces a reflection-in-reflection framework for automated generation of reflection questions with large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ondřej Holub , Essi Ryymin , Rodrigo Alves

The advancement of embodied intelligence is accelerating the integration of robots into daily life as human assistants. This evolution requires robots to not only interpret high-level instructions and plan tasks but also perceive and adapt…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhichen Lou , Kechun Xu , Zhongxiang Zhou , Rong Xiong

From rearranging objects on a table to putting groceries into shelves, robots must plan precise action points to perform tasks accurately and reliably. In spite of the recent adoption of vision language models (VLMs) to control robot…

We present a perception in reflection paradigm designed to transcend the limitations of current large vision-language models (LVLMs), which are expected yet often fail to achieve perfect perception initially. Specifically, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Yana Wei , Liang Zhao , Kangheng Lin , En Yu , Yuang Peng , Runpei Dong , Jianjian Sun , Haoran Wei , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Vishal M. Patel

Robotic grasping is a cornerstone capability of embodied systems. Many methods directly output grasps from partial information without modeling the geometry of the scene, leading to suboptimal motion and even collisions. To address these…

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex visual tasks through the integration of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, in Video Question Answering, extended thinking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiaokun Sun , Yubo Wang , Haoyu Cao , Linli Xu

Language-conditioned policies have recently gained substantial adoption in robotics as they allow users to specify tasks using natural language, making them highly versatile. While much research has focused on improving the action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Eugenio Chisari , Jan Ole von Hartz , Fabien Despinoy , Abhinav Valada

While large language models (LLMs) are proficient at question-answering (QA), it is not always clear how (or even if) an answer follows from their latent "beliefs". This lack of interpretability is a growing impediment to widespread use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Nora Kassner , Oyvind Tafjord , Ashish Sabharwal , Kyle Richardson , Hinrich Schuetze , Peter Clark

The reflection capacity of Large Language Model (LLM) has garnered extensive attention. A post-hoc prompting strategy, e.g., reflexion and self-refine, refines LLM's response based on self-evaluated or external feedback. However, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Linjuan Wu , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Yueting Zhuang , Weiming Lu

As robots gain capabilities to enter our human-centric world, they require formalism and algorithms that enable smart and efficient interactions. This is challenging, especially for robotic manipulators with complex tasks that may require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Karan Muvvala , Peter Amorese , Morteza Lahijanian

Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have been increasingly used in robotics for high-level cognition, but their use for low-level cognition, such as interpreting sensor information, remains underexplored. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Masashi Osada , Gustavo A. Garcia Ricardez , Yosuke Suzuki , Tadahiro Taniguchi

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit advanced reasoning skills, enabling robots to comprehend natural language instructions and strategically plan high-level actions through proper grounding. However, LLM hallucination may result in robots…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Kaiqu Liang , Zixu Zhang , Jaime Fernández Fisac

Reliable object grasping is a crucial capability for autonomous robots. However, many existing grasping approaches focus on general clutter removal without explicitly modeling objects and thus only relying on the visible local geometry. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Eugenio Chisari , Nick Heppert , Tim Welschehold , Wolfram Burgard , Abhinav Valada

Despite the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in natural language understanding and reasoning, they often display undesirable behaviors, such as generating hallucinations and unfaithful reasoning. A prevalent strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yaoke Wang , Yun Zhu , Xintong Bao , Wenqiao Zhang , Suyang Dai , Kehan Chen , Wenqiang Li , Gang Huang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in revolutionizing Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation. However, existing GUI models mostly rely on learning from nearly error-free offline trajectories, thus lacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Penghao Wu , Shengnan Ma , Bo Wang , Jiaheng Yu , Lewei Lu , Ziwei Liu

Publicly available, large pretrained LanguageModels (LMs) generate text with remarkable quality, but only sequentially from left to right. As a result, they are not immediately applicable to generation tasks that break the unidirectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Peter West , Ximing Lu , Ari Holtzman , Chandra Bhagavatula , Jena Hwang , Yejin Choi

General-purpose robotic manipulation, including reach and grasp, is essential for deployment into households and workspaces involving diverse and evolving tasks. Recent advances propose using large pre-trained models, such as Large Language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Huiyi Wang , Fahim Shahriar , Alireza Azimi , Gautham Vasan , Rupam Mahmood , Colin Bellinger

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on several tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. However, especially in high-stakes settings, it becomes vital to know when the output of an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yu-Neng Chuang , Prathusha Kameswara Sarma , Parikshit Gopalan , John Boccio , Sara Bolouki , Xia Hu , Helen Zhou

Modern robotic manipulation systems fall short of human manipulation skills partly because they rely on closing feedback loops exclusively around vision data, which reduces system bandwidth and speed. By developing autonomous grasping…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Andrew SaLoutos , Hongmin Kim , Elijah Stanger-Jones , Menglong Guo , Sangbae Kim