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Future sixth-generation (6G) networks are expected to support low-altitude wireless networks (LAWNs), where unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and aerial robots operate in highly dynamic three-dimensional environments under stringent latency,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Lingxiao Sun , Zhaoyang Zhang , Zihan Lin , Zirui Chen , Weijie Zhou , Zhaohui Yang , Tony Q. S. Quek

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) promise flexible 6G network access through disaggregated, software-driven components and open interfaces, but this programmability also increases operational complexity. Multiple control loops coexist…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hojjat Navidan , Mohammad Cheraghinia , Jaron Fontaine , Mohamed Seif , Eli De Poorter , H. Vincent Poor , Ingrid Moerman , Adnan Shahid

Open RAN (ORAN, O-RAN) represents a novel industry-level standard for RAN (Radio Access Network), which defines interfaces that support inter-operation between vendors' equipment and offer network flexibility at a lower cost. Open RAN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Madhusanka Liyanage , An Braeken , Shahriar Shahabuddin , Pasika Ranaweera

The convergence of communication, sensing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Radio Access Network (RAN) offers compelling economic advantages through shared spectrum and infrastructure. How can inference and sensing be integrated in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Michele Polese , Rajeev Gangula , Tommaso Melodia

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units (RUs)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Osvaldo Simeone , Andreas Maeder , Mugen Peng , Onur Sahin , Wei Yu

The Open RAN architecture is a promising and future-oriented architecture. It is intended to open up the radio access network (RAN) and enable more innovation and competition in the market. This will lead to RANs for current 5G networks,…

Future wireless communication networks are expected to fulfill the unprecedented performance requirements to support our highly digitized and globally data-driven society. Various technological challenges must be overcome to achieve our…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Jinghe Wang , Wankai Tang , Yu Han , Shi Jin , Xiao Li , Chao-Kai Wen , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

Network softwarization has revolutionized the architecture of cellular wireless networks. State-of-the-art container based virtual radio access networks (vRAN) provide enormous flexibility and reduced life cycle management costs, but they…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Paris Carbone , Gyoergy Dan , James Gross , Bo Goeransson , Marina Petrova

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful technology that improves system performance and enables new features in 5G and beyond. Standardization, defining functionality and interfaces, is essential for driving the industry…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Xingqin Lin , Lopamudra Kundu , Chris Dick , Soma Velayutham

As wireless communication systems become more advanced, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) stand out as a notable framework that promotes interoperability and cost-effectiveness. An examination of the progression of RAN architectures, as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Mira Chandra Kirana , Patatchona Keyela , Fatemeh Rostamian , Deemah H. Tashman , Soumaya Cherkaoui

The transition to 6G is expected to bring significant advancements, including much higher data rates, enhanced reliability and ultra-low latency compared to previous generations. Although 6G is anticipated to be 100 times more energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Hamed Ahmadi , Mostafa Rahmani , Swarna Bindu Chetty , Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou , Huseyin Arslan , Merouane Debbah , Tony Quek

Driven by the emerging use cases in massive access future networks, there is a need for technological advancements and evolutions for wireless communications beyond the fifth-generation (5G) networks. In particular, we envisage the upcoming…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ying Loong Lee , Donghong Qin , Li-Chun Wang , Gek Hong , Sim

In this paper, the authors present a Radio Access Network (RAN) concept for future mobile communication systems beyond 5G. The concept is based on knowledge of the environment. The three conceptual applications RAN authentication, beam…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Lukas Brechtel , Christof A. O. Rauber , Christoph Fischer

In a centralized RAN, the signals from multiple RAPs are processed centrally in a data center. Centralized RAN enables advanced interference coordination strategies while leveraging the elastic provisioning of data processing resources. It…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Peter Rost , Salvatore Talarico , Matthew C. Valenti

Convergence of multiple access technologies is one of the key enablers in providing a diverse set of services to the Fifth Generation (5G) users. Though the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G standard defines a common core…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Meghna Khaturia , Pranav Jha , Abhay Karandikar

The emergence of 6G technology represents a significant advancement in wireless communications, providing unprecedented speed, extremely low latency, and pioneering applications. In light of this development, an important question arises:…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Sneihil Gopal , Aziz Kord , Richard A. Rouil

The evolution of radio access networks (RANs) toward virtualization and openness creates new opportunities for flexible, cost-effective, and high-performance deployments. Achieving real-time and energy-efficient baseband processing on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Jaebum Park , Chan-Byoung Chae , Robert W. Heath

Semantic communication (SemCom) has been a transformative paradigm, emphasizing the precise exchange of meaningful information over traditional bit-level transmissions. However, existing SemCom research, primarily centered on simplified…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Yao Sun , Lan Zhang , Linke Guo , Jian Li , Dusit Niyato , Yuguang Fang

Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) Radio Access Networks (RANs) are a promising solution to tackle the overcrowding of the sub-6 GHz spectrum, offering wider and underutilized bands. However, they are characterized by inherent technical challenges,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Paolo Fiore , Ilario Filippini , Danilo De Donno

Radio Access Networks virtualization (vRAN) is on its way becoming a reality driven by the new requirements in mobile networks, such as scalability and cost reduction. Unfortunately, there is no free lunch but a high price to be paid in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-09 J. Xavier Salvat Lozano , Andres Garcia-Saavedra , Xi Li , Xavier Costa-Perez