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Background and objective: Uncertainty quantification is a pivotal field that contributes to realizing reliable and robust systems. It becomes instrumental in fortifying safe decisions by providing complementary information, particularly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-19 Jamil Fayyad , Shadi Alijani , Homayoun Najjaran

Conventional planning objectives in optimization of intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT) plans are designed to minimize the violation of dose-volume histogram (DVH) thresholds using penalty functions. Although successful in…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Lovisa Engberg , Kjell Eriksson , Anders Forsgren , Björn Hårdemark

In this paper, we investigate protection strategies of sensitive body anatomy against the irradiation to the cancerous moving tumors in intensity modulated radiation therapy. Inspired by optimization techniques developed in statistical…

Medical Physics · Physics 2009-07-29 Ramin M. Abolfath , Lech Papiez

While deep learning models often achieve high predictive accuracy, their predictions typically do not come with any provable guarantees on risk or reliability, which are critical for deployment in high-stakes applications. The framework of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Christopher Yeh , Nicolas Christianson , Adam Wierman , Yisong Yue

Clinical language models (LMs) are increasingly applied to support clinical risk prediction from free-text notes, yet their uncertainty estimates often remain poorly calibrated and clinically unreliable. In this work, we propose Clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Sizhe Wang , Ziqi Xu , Claire Najjuuko , Charles Alba , Chenyang Lu

We present a novel application of Tensor Network methods in cancer treatment as a potential tool to solve the dose optimization problem in radiotherapy. In particular, the Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technique - that allows…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Samuele Cavinato , Timo Felser , Marco Fusella , Marta Paiusco , Simone Montangero

Conformal Prediction (CP) has recently received a tremendous amount of interest, leading to a wide range of new theoretical and methodological results for predictive inference with formal theoretical guarantees. However, the vast majority…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Manit Paul , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Medical imaging classifiers can achieve high predictive accuracy, but quantifying their uncertainty remains an unresolved challenge, which prevents their deployment in medical clinics. We present an algorithm that can modify any classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Roy Hirsch , Jacob Goldberger

We introduce Conformal Interquantile Regression (CIR), a conformal regression method that efficiently constructs near-minimal prediction intervals with guaranteed coverage. CIR leverages black-box machine learning models to estimate outcome…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-07 Naixin Guo , Rui Luo , Zhixin Zhou

Background: Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is used for confounding adjustment in observational studies. Newer weighting methods include energy balancing (EB), kernel optimal matching (KOM), and tailored-loss covariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Etienne Peyrot , Raphaël Porcher , Francois Petit

Generating probabilistic forecasts of potential outcomes and individual treatment effects (ITE) is essential for risk-aware decision-making in domains such as healthcare, policy, marketing, and finance. We propose two novel methods: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jef Jonkers , Jarne Verhaeghe , Glenn Van Wallendael , Luc Duchateau , Sofie Van Hoecke

Temporally modulated pulsed radiotherapy (TMPRT) delivers conventional fraction doses of radiation using temporally separated pulses of low doses (<30 cGy) yielding fraction-effective dose rates of around 6.7 cGy/min with the goal to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Christian Velten , Adam Bayliss , Jiayi Huang , Wolfgang A. Tomé

This paper presents a novel approach to catheter and line position detection in chest X-rays, combining multi-task learning with risk-sensitive conformal prediction to address critical clinical requirements. Our model simultaneously…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 Long Hui

Assessing the quality of cancer care administered by US health providers poses numerous challenges due to meaningful heterogeneity in patient populations. Patients undergoing oncology treatment exhibit substantial variation in disease…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-17 Yige Li , Nancy L. Keating , Mary Beth Landrum , Jose R. Zubizarreta

Forecasting surgical instrument trajectories and predicting the next surgical action recently started to attract attention from the research community. Both these tasks are crucial for automation and assistance in endoscopy surgery. Given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Sara Sangalli , Gary Sarwin , Ertunc Erdil , Alessandro Carretta , Victor Staartjes , Carlo Serra , Ender Konukoglu

In randomized trials, repeated measures of the outcome are routinely collected. The mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) leverages the information from these repeated outcome measures, and is often used for the primary analysis to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-20 Bingkai Wang , Yu Du

Two commonly used methods for improving precision and power in clinical trials are stratified randomization and covariate adjustment. However, many trials do not fully capitalize on the combined precision gains from these two methods, which…

Invariant risk minimization (IRM) has received increasing attention as a way to acquire environment-agnostic data representations and predictions, and as a principled solution for preventing spurious correlations from being learned and for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yihua Zhang , Pranay Sharma , Parikshit Ram , Mingyi Hong , Kush Varshney , Sijia Liu

Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are considered a promising recipe to deliver better policy interventions. One key ingredient in optimal ITR estimation problems is to estimate the average treatment effect conditional on a subject's…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-16 Hongming Pu , Bo Zhang

Permutation tests are widely recognized as robust alternatives to tests based on normal theory. Random permutation tests have been frequently employed to assess the significance of variables in linear models. Despite their widespread use,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-29 Leying Guan