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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit expert-level performance in tasks across a wide range of different domains. Ethical issues raised by LLMs and the need to align future versions makes it important to know how state of the art models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Guilherme F. C. F. Almeida , José Luiz Nunes , Neele Engelmann , Alex Wiegmann , Marcelo de Araújo

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in tasks with ethical and societal stakes, a critical question arises: do they exhibit an emergent "moral mind" - a consistent structure of moral preferences guiding their decisions -…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Avner Seror

As AI systems increasingly navigate applications in healthcare, law, and governance, understanding how they handle ethically complex scenarios becomes critical. Previous work has mainly examined the moral judgments in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Keenan Samway , Max Kleiman-Weiner , David Guzman Piedrahita , Rada Mihalcea , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate ethically sensitive decisions, understanding their moral reasoning processes becomes imperative. This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of 14 leading LLMs, both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Junchen Ding , Penghao Jiang , Zihao Xu , Ziqi Ding , Yichen Zhu , Jiaojiao Jiang , Yuekang Li

As generative AI models become increasingly integrated into high-stakes domains, the need for robust methods to evaluate their ethical reasoning becomes increasingly important. This paper introduces a five-dimensional audit model --…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 W. Russell Neuman , Chad Coleman , Ali Dasdan , Safinah Ali , Manan Shah

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their potential integration into autonomous driving systems necessitates understanding their moral decision-making capabilities. While our previous study examined four prominent LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Muhammad Shahrul Zaim bin Ahmad , Kazuhiro Takemoto

Large language models (LLMs) have become integral tools in diverse domains, yet their moral reasoning capabilities across cultural and linguistic contexts remain underexplored. This study investigates whether multilingual LLMs, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Meltem Aksoy

One open question in the study of Large Language Models (LLMs) is whether they can emulate human ethical reasoning and act as believable proxies for human judgment. To investigate this, we introduce a benchmark dataset comprising 196…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiashen , Du , Jesse Yao , Allen Liu , Zhekai Zhang

We evaluate the moral alignment of LLMs with human preferences in multilingual trolley problems. Building on the Moral Machine experiment, which captures over 40 million human judgments across 200+ countries, we develop a cross-lingual…

Ethical reasoning is a crucial skill for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, moral values are not universal, but rather influenced by language and culture. This paper explores how three prominent LLMs -- GPT-4, ChatGPT, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Utkarsh Agarwal , Kumar Tanmay , Aditi Khandelwal , Monojit Choudhury

Generative large language models present significant potential but also raise critical ethical concerns, including issues of safety, fairness, robustness, and reliability. Most existing ethical studies, however, are limited by their narrow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yıldırım Özen , Burak Erinç Çetin , Kaan Engür , Elif Naz Demiryılmaz , Cagri Toraman

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled human-like responses across various tasks, raising questions about their ethical decision-making capabilities and potential biases. This study systematically evaluates how nine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wentao Xu , Yile Yan , Yuqi Zhu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in consequential decision-making contexts, systematically assessing their ethical reasoning capabilities becomes a critical imperative. This paper introduces the Priorities in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chad Coleman , W. Russell Neuman , Ali Dasdan , Safinah Ali , Manan Shah

This study establishes a novel framework for systematically evaluating the moral reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) as they increasingly integrate into critical societal domains. Current assessment methodologies lack the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Abhejay Murali , Kevin Chen , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar

Do large language models reason morally, or do they merely sound like they do? We investigate whether LLM responses to moral dilemmas exhibit genuine developmental progression through Kohlberg's stages of moral development, or whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Aryan Kasat , Smriti Singh , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual and multicultural environments where moral reasoning is essential for generating ethically appropriate responses. Yet, the dominant pretraining of LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sualeha Farid , Jayden Lin , Zean Chen , Shivani Kumar , David Jurgens

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with the diverse and evolving human values across different regions and cultures remains a critical challenge in AI ethics. Current alignment approaches often yield superficial conformity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiahao Wang , Songkai Xue , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software engineering (SE) tools for tasks that extend beyond code synthesis, including judgment under uncertainty and reasoning in ethically significant contexts. We present a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Patrizio Migliarini , Mashal Afzal Memon , Marco Autili , Paola Inverardi

In this position paper, we argue that instead of morally aligning LLMs to specific set of ethical principles, we should infuse generic ethical reasoning capabilities into them so that they can handle value pluralism at a global scale. When…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Abhinav Rao , Aditi Khandelwal , Kumar Tanmay , Utkarsh Agarwal , Monojit Choudhury

Big Language Models (LLMs) are changing the way businesses use software, the way people live their lives and the way industries work. Companies like Google, High-Flyer, Anthropic, OpenAI and Meta are making better LLMs. So, it's crucial to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Urja Kohli , Aditi Singh , Arun Sharma
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