Related papers: Energy density and stress fields in quantum system…
We define the state of minimum energy while the expectation values of the field operators and their time derivatives in a determined moment in such a state are constrained. As an axiom, we consider such a state as the background of the…
We define a characteristic energy density based on the measurement of the two first moments of the extrinsic injected power smoothed over time. Using the stationarity, we show that this definition characterizes an energy per degrees freedom…
Energy transport in weakly collisional plasma systems is often studied with fluid models and diagnostics. However, the applicability of fluid models is necessarily limited when collisions are weak or absent, and using a fluid approach can…
It is observed that the exact interacting ground-state electronic energy of interest may be obtained directly, in principle, as a simple sum of orbital energies when a universal density-dependent term is added to $w\left(\left[ \rho…
We give physical explanations of explicit invariant expressions for the energy and angular momentum densities of gravitational fields in stationary space-times. These expressions involve non-locally defined conformal factors. In certain…
A novel method for deriving energy conditions in stable field theories is described. In a local classical theory with one spatial dimension, a local energy condition always exists. For a relativistic field theory, one obtains the dominant…
By combining the upper and lower bounds to the free energy as given by the Gibbs inequality for two systems with the same intermolecular interactions but with external fields differing from each other only in a finite region of space Gamma,…
Pressure is the mechanical force per unit area that a confined system exerts on its container. In thermal equilibrium, it depends only on bulk properties (density, temperature, etc.) through an equation of state. Here we show that in a wide…
The self consistent version of the density functional theory (DFT) is presented, which allows to calculate the ground state and dynamic properties of finite multi-electron systems such as atoms, molecules and clusters. The exact functional…
We determine the invariant expression of the force density that the electromagnetic field exerts on dipolar matter and construct the non-symmetric energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field in matter which is consistent with that…
It is well known that there can be negative energy densities in quantum field theory. Most of the work done in this area has involved free non-interacting systems. In this paper we show how a quantum state with negative energy density can…
The self consistent version of the density functional theory is presented, which allows to calculate the ground state and dynamic properties of finite multi-electron systems. An exact functional equation for the effective interaction, from…
The quantum mechanical ground state of a 2D $N$-electron system in a confining potential $V(x)=Kv(x)$ ($K$ is a coupling constant) and a homogeneous magnetic field $B$ is studied in the high density limit $N\to\infty$, $K\to \infty$ with…
We introduce a method for analyzing ground state properties of quantum many body systems, based on the characterization of separability and entanglement by single subsystem unitary operations. We apply the method to the study of the ground…
In this paper, we develop a large-$N$ field theory for a system of $N$ classical particles in one dimension at thermal equilibrium. The particles are confined by an arbitrary external potential, $V_\text{ex} (x)$, and repel each other via a…
Simple thermodynamics considers kinetic energy to be an extensive variable which is proportional to the number, N, of particles. We present a quantum state of N non-interacting particles for which the kinetic energy increases quadratically…
Energy levels are investigated for two charged particles possessing an attractive, momentum-independent, zero-range interaction in a uniform magnetic field. A transcendental equation governs the spectrum, which is characterized by a…
Density functional theory is usually formulated in terms of the density in configuration space. Functionals of the momentum-space density have also been studied, and yet other densities could be considered. We offer a unified view from a…
Typical density functional theory (DFT) and approximations thereto solve the many-electron ground state problem by working from a numerically efficient non-interacting Kohn-Sham reference system; and benefit from useful minimization…
The regularized vacuum energy (or energy density) of a quantum field subjected to static external conditions is shown to satisfy a certain partial differential equation with respect to two variables, the mass and the "time" (ultraviolet…