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Objectives: Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution geophysical imaging technique that reconstructs subsurface velocity models by iteratively minimizing the misfit between predicted and observed seismic data. However, under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinyi Zhang , Caiyun Liu , Jie Xiong , Qingfeng Yu

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) uses full seismic records to estimate subsurface velocity structure. This requires a highly nonlinear and nonunique inverse problem to be solved, and Bayesian methods have been used to quantify…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-04-13 Xin Zhang , Andrew Curtis

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is an inverse problem for estimating the wave velocity distribution in a given domain, based on observed data on the boundaries. The inversion is computationally demanding because we are required to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Matan Goren , Eran Treister

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an effective method for imaging subsurface properties using sparsely recorded data. It involves solving a wave propagation problem to estimate model parameters that accurately reproduce the data. Recent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Ali Gholami

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) stands as a nonlinear, high-resolution technology for subsurface imaging via surface-recorded data. This paper introduces an augmented Lagrangian dual formulation for FWI, rooted in the viewpoint that Lagrange…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-12-13 Kamal Aghazade , Ali Gholami

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an iterative nonlinear waveform matching procedure subject to wave-equation constraint. FWI is highly nonlinear when the wave-equation constraint is enforced at each iteration. To mitigate nonlinearity,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stephane Operto

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear computational imaging technique that can provide detailed estimates of subsurface geophysical properties. Solving the FWI problem can be challenging due to its ill-posedness and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Renán Rojas-Gómez , Jihyun Yang , Youzuo Lin , James Theiler , Brendt Wohlberg

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a successful and well-established inverse method for reconstructing material models from measured wave signals. In the field of seismic exploration, FWI has proven particularly successful in the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tim Bürchner , Philipp Kopp , Stefan Kollmannsberger , Ernst Rank

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful yet computationally expensive technique that can yield subsurface models at high resolution. Randomly selected shots ("mini-batches") can be used to approximate the misfit and the gradient of FWI,…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-05-25 Bharath Shekar

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an accurate imaging approach for modeling velocity structure by minimizing the misfit between recorded and predicted seismic waveforms. However, the strong non-linearity of FWI resulting from fitting…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-10-04 Weiqiang Zhu , Kailai Xu , Eric Darve , Biondo Biondi , Gregory C. Beroza

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool for reconstructing material fields based on sparsely measured data obtained by wave propagation. For specific problems, discretizing the material field with a neural network (NN) improves the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Divya Shyam Singh , Leon Herrmann , Qing Sun , Tim Bürchner , Felix Dietrich , Stefan Kollmannsberger

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a technique widely used in geophysics to obtain high-resolution subsurface velocity models from waveform seismic data. Due to its large computation cost, most flavors of FWI rely only on the computation of…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-03-27 Mustafa Alfarhan , Matteo Ravasi , Fuqiang Chen , Tariq Alkhalifah

Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful geophysical imaging technique that produces high-resolution subsurface models by iteratively minimizing the misfit between the simulated and observed seismograms. Unfortunately,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-24 Fangshu Yang , Jianwei Ma

Extended formulation of Full Waveform Inversion (FWI), called Wavefield Reconstruction Inversion (WRI), offers potential benefits of decreasing the nonlinearity of the inverse problem by replacing the explicit inverse of the ill-conditioned…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-18 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stéphane Operto

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a highly nonlinear and ill-posed problem that aims to recover subsurface velocity maps from surface-recorded seismic waveforms data. Existing data-driven FWI typically uses small models, as available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yinan Feng , Peng Jin , Yuzhe Guo , Yinpeng Chen , Youzuo Lin

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is known as a seismic data processing method that achieves high-resolution imaging. In the inversion part of the method that brings high resolution in finding a convergence point in the model space, a local…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-07-11 Jiahang Li , Hitoshi Mikada , Junichi Takekawa

Elastic full-waveform inversion (EFWI) is a process used to estimate subsurface properties by fitting seismic data while satisfying wave propagation physics. The problem is formulated as a least-squares data fitting minimization problem…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Kamal Aghazade , Ali Gholami , Hossein S. Aghamiry , Hamid Reza Siahkoohi

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) provides high resolution images of the subsurface by exploiting information in the recorded seismic waveforms. This is achieved by solving a highly nonnlinear and nonunique inverse problem. Bayesian…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-02-22 Xin Zhang , Angus Lomas , Muhong Zhou , York Zheng , Andrew Curtis

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution seismic imaging method that estimates subsurface velocity by matching simulated and recorded waveforms. However, FWI is highly nonlinear, prone to cycle skipping, and sensitive to noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinquan Huang , Paris Perdikaris

We consider the high-resolution seismic imaging method called full-waveform inversion (FWI). FWI is a data fitting method aimed at inverting for subsurface mechanical parameters. Despite the large adoption of FWI by the academic and…