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While large language models (LLMs) play increasingly significant roles in society, research shows they continue to generate content that reflects social bias against sensitive groups. Existing benchmarks effectively identify these biases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tian Xie , Tongxin Yin , Vaishakh Keshava , Xueru Zhang , Siddhartha Reddy Jonnalagadda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities across various tasks, from language translation to complex reasoning. Understanding and predicting human behavior and biases are crucial for artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Kasturi Jamale , Cleotilde Gonzalez

The conformity effect describes the tendency of individuals to align their responses with the majority. Studying this bias in large language models (LLMs) is crucial, as LLMs are increasingly used in various information-seeking and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiaochen Zhu , Caiqi Zhang , Tom Stafford , Nigel Collier , Andreas Vlachos

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, the potential harms from deceptive behavior underlie the need for faithfully interpreting their decision-making. While traditional probing methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Anthony Costarelli , Mat Allen , Severin Field

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way we access information. These models are often tuned to refuse to comply with requests that are considered harmful and to produce responses that better align with the preferences of those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Hannah Cyberey , David Evans

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have increased the performance of different natural language understanding as well as generation tasks. Although LLMs have breached the state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Charaka Vinayak Kumar , Ashok Urlana , Gopichand Kanumolu , Bala Mallikarjunarao Garlapati , Pruthwik Mishra

Safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) sometimes falsely refuse pseudo-harmful prompts, like "how to kill a mosquito," which are actually harmless. Frequent false refusals not only frustrate users but also provoke a public backlash…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Bang An , Sicheng Zhu , Ruiyi Zhang , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Yuancheng Xu , Furong Huang

Humans shift between different personas depending on social context. Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate a similar flexibility in adopting different personas and behaviors. Existing approaches, however, typically adapt such behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruimeng Ye , Zihan Wang , Zinan Ling , Yang Xiao , Manling Li , Xiaolong Ma , Bo Hui

Are large language models (LLMs) biased in favor of communications produced by LLMs, leading to possible antihuman discrimination? Using a classical experimental design inspired by employment discrimination studies, we tested widely used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Walter Laurito , Benjamin Davis , Peli Grietzer , Tomáš Gavenčiak , Ada Böhm , Jan Kulveit

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become essential to the post-training of large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, agentic capabilities and alignment. Successful RL relies on sufficient exploration of diverse actions by the model during…

Large language models (LLMs) have offered new opportunities for emotional support, and recent work has shown that they can produce empathic responses to people in distress. However, long-term mental well-being requires emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Hongli Zhan , Allen Zheng , Yoon Kyung Lee , Jina Suh , Junyi Jessy Li , Desmond C. Ong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in solving various tasks, progressively evolving into general-purpose assistants. The increasing integration of LLMs into society has sparked interest in whether they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Hongyi Wang , Ying Cheng , Xiangliang Zhang , James Zou , Lichao Sun

Sycophantic response patterns in Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly claimed in the literature. We review methodological challenges in measuring LLM sycophancy and identify five core operationalizations. Despite sycophancy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jan Batzner , Volker Stocker , Stefan Schmid , Gjergji Kasneci

Interfaces for interacting with large language models (LLMs) are often designed to mimic human conversations, typically presenting a single response to user queries. This design choice can obscure the probabilistic and predictive nature of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Chelse Swoopes , Tyler Holloway , Elena L. Glassman

We investigate the phenomenon of an LLM's untruthful response using a large set of 220 handcrafted linguistic features. We focus on GPT-3 models and find that the linguistic profiles of responses are similar across model sizes. That is, how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Bruce W. Lee , Benedict Florance Arockiaraj , Helen Jin

We introduce an architecture for studying the behavior of large language model (LLM) agents in the absence of externally imposed tasks. Our continuous reason and act framework, using persistent memory and self-feedback, enables sustained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Stefan Szeider

Large language models are trained to refuse harmful requests, but can they accurately predict when they will refuse before responding? We investigate this question through a systematic study where models first predict their refusal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Tanay Gondil

Large language models (LLMs) are known to produce varying responses depending on prompt phrasing, indicating that subtle guidance in phrasing can steer their answers. However, the impact of this framing bias on LLM-based evaluation, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yerin Hwang , Dongryeol Lee , Taegwan Kang , Minwoo Lee , Kyomin Jung

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in academic peer review, yet their reliability, alignment with human judgment, and robustness to adversarial attacks remain poorly understood. We present a systematic benchmark of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lingyao Li , Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Runlong Yu , Chen Chen , Junyu Wang , Renkai Ma , Zhicong Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong conversational abilities but often generate falsehoods. Prior work suggests that the truthfulness of simple propositions can be represented as a single linear direction in a model's internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Stanley Yu , Vaidehi Bulusu , Oscar Yasunaga , Clayton Lau , Cole Blondin , Sean O'Brien , Kevin Zhu , Vasu Sharma