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Emulating firmware for microcontrollers is challenging due to the tight coupling between the hardware and firmware. This has greatly impeded the application of dynamic analysis tools to firmware analysis. The state-of-the-art work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Wei Zhou , Le Guan , Peng Liu , Yuqing Zhang

In the evolving landscape of IoT ecosystem, distinguishing between legitimate and compromised devices is a critical challenge. This research investigates the effectiveness of hardware performance counter (HPC)-derived signatures' uniqueness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Saeed Alshehhi

Recent research has shown that hardware fuzzers can effectively detect security vulnerabilities in modern processors. However, existing hardware fuzzers do not fuzz well the hard-to-reach design spaces. Consequently, these fuzzers cannot…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Chen Chen , Rahul Kande , Nathan Nguyen , Flemming Andersen , Aakash Tyagi , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

In recent years, due to the trend in globalization, system integrators have had to deal with integrated circuit (IC)/intellectual property (IP) counterfeiting more than ever. These counterfeit hardware issues counterfeit hardware that have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Fatemeh Tehranipoor

Recently, major progress has been made towards the realisation of quantum internet to enable a broad range of classically intractable applications. These applications such as delegated quantum computation require running a secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Mina Doosti , Niraj Kumar , Mahshid Delavar , Elham Kashefi

In this paper, we consider the generation and utilization of helper data for physical unclonable functions (PUFs) that provide real-valued readout symbols. Compared to classical binary PUFs, more entropy can be extracted from each basic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Robert F. H. Fischer

Software signing is the most robust method for ensuring the integrity and authenticity of components in a software supply chain. Legacy key-managed signing tools (e.g., OpenPGP) burdened practitioners with key management and signer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kelechi G. Kalu , Sofia Okorafor , Tanmay Singla , Sophie Chen , Santiago Torres-Arias , James C. Davis

Fingerprint traits are widely recognized for their unique qualities and security benefits. Despite their extensive use, fingerprint features can be vulnerable to puppet attacks, where attackers manipulate a reluctant but genuine user into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Wenhao Wang , Guyue Li , Zhiming Chu , Haobo Li , Daniele Faccio

As enterprises embrace blockchain technology, many real-world applications have been developed and deployed using permissioned blockchain platforms (access to network is controlled and given to only nodes with known identities). Such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Rashmi Agrawal , Ji Yang , Haris Javaid

More and more companies' Intellectual Property (IP) is being integrated into Neural Network (NN) models. This IP has considerable value for companies and, therefore, requires adequate protection. For example, an attacker might replicate a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Daniel Dorfmeister , Flavio Ferrarotti , Bernhard Fischer , Martin Schwandtner , Hannes Sochor

Detection of counterfeit chips has emerged as a crucial concern. Physically-unclonable-function (PUF)-based techniques are widely used for authentication, however, require dedicated hardware and large signature database. In this work, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-25 Ahish Shylendra , Swarup Bhunia , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Integrating Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) with cloud computing instances is a rapidly emerging trend on commercial cloud computing platforms such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Huawei cloud, and Alibaba cloud. Cloud FPGAs allow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Chenglu Jin , Vasudev Gohil , Ramesh Karri , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

With the increased utilization, the small embedded and IoT devices have become an attractive target for sophisticated attacks that can exploit the devices security critical information and data in malevolent activities. Secure boot and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Avani Dave , Nilanjan Banerjee , Chintan Patel

The rapid growth of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has brought embedded systems into focus as major targets for both security analysts and malicious adversaries. Due to the non-standard hardware and diverse software, embedded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Mingfeng Xin , Hui Wen , Liting Deng , Hong Li , Qiang Li , Limin Sun

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are widely used to generate random Numbers. In this paper we propose a new architecture in which an Arbiter Based PUF has been employed as a nonlinear function in Nonlinear Feedback Shift Register (NFSR)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Ali Sadr , Mostafa Zolfaghari-Nejad

Embedded field programmable gate array (eFPGA) technology allows the implementation of reconfigurable logic within the design of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This approach offers the low power and efficiency of an ASIC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Julia Gonski , Aseem Gupta , Haoyi Jia , Hyunjoon Kim , Lorenzo Rota , Larry Ruckman , Angelo Dragone , Ryan Herbst

Firmware integrity is a foundational requirement for securing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), where malicious or compromised firmware can result in persistent backdoors, unauthorized control, or catastrophic system failures. Traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 S M Mostaq Hossain , Amani Altarawneh

The hybrid hiding encryption algorithm, as its name implies, embraces concepts from both steganography and cryptography. In this exertion, an improved micro-architecture Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of this algorithm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Hala A. Farouk , Magdy Saeb

In modern embedded systems, the trust in comprehensive security standards all along the product life cycle has become an increasingly important access-to-market requirement. However, these security standards rely on mandatory immunity…

Consumer unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have evolved into capable computing platforms, yet their embedded firmware remains largely inaccessible to the security community. Entry-level models, in particular those marketed to first-time and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sandesh More , Sneha Sudhakaran , Marco Carvalho