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Related papers: Gaussian Universality for Diffusion Models

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A major effort in modern high-dimensional statistics has been devoted to the analysis of linear predictors trained on nonlinear feature embeddings via empirical risk minimization (ERM). Gaussian equivalence theory (GET) has emerged as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Garrett G. Wen , Hong Hu , Yue M. Lu , Zhou Fan , Theodor Misiakiewicz

Diffusion models have demonstrated empirical successes in various applications and can be adapted to task-specific needs via guidance. This paper studies a form of gradient guidance for adapting a pre-trained diffusion model towards…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-17 Yingqing Guo , Hui Yuan , Yukang Yang , Minshuo Chen , Mengdi Wang

We survey continuous-time generative modeling methods based on transporting a simple reference distribution to a data distribution via stochastic or deterministic dynamics. We present a unified framework in which diffusion models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Aditya Ranganath , Mukesh Singhal

Although diffusion models (DMs) have shown promising performances in a number of tasks (e.g., speech synthesis and image generation), they might suffer from error propagation because of their sequential structure. However, this is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Yangming Li , Mihaela van der Schaar

Existing generalization theories of supervised learning typically take a holistic approach and provide bounds for the expected generalization over the whole data distribution, which implicitly assumes that the model generalizes similarly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Firas Laakom , Yuheng Bu , Moncef Gabbouj

Diffusion models have emerged as a robust framework for various generative tasks, including tabular data synthesis. However, current tabular diffusion models tend to inherit bias in the training dataset and generate biased synthetic data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zeyu Yang , Han Yu , Peikun Guo , Khadija Zanna , Xiaoxue Yang , Akane Sano

This paper explores the computational complexity of diffusion-based language modeling. We prove a dichotomy based on the quality of the score-matching network in a diffusion model. In one direction, a network that exactly computes the score…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yuxi Liu

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have emerged as one of the most popular classes of generative models. A substantial body of work now exists on the analysis of SGMs, focusing either on discretization aspects or on their statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Benjamin Dupuis , Dario Shariatian , Maxime Haddouche , Alain Durmus , Umut Simsekli

Generative learning, recognized for its effective modeling of data distributions, offers inherent advantages in handling out-of-distribution instances, especially for enhancing robustness to adversarial attacks. Among these, diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Huanran Chen , Yinpeng Dong , Shitong Shao , Zhongkai Hao , Xiao Yang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

We suggest an explanation of typical incubation times statistical features based on the universal behavior of exit times for diffusion models. We give a mathematically rigorous proof of the characteristic right skewness of the incubation…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-18 Yuri Bakhtin

Generative models realized with machine learning techniques are powerful tools to infer complex and unknown data distributions from a finite number of training samples in order to produce new synthetic data. Diffusion models are an emerging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Marco Parigi , Stefano Martina , Filippo Caruso

Gaussian universality results assert that the properties of many estimators remain unchanged when the input data are replaced by Gaussians. Such results have gained popularity in high-dimensional statistics and machine learning, as…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Kevin Han Huang , Morgane Austern , Peter Orbanz

Diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performance in various generation tasks. However, their theoretical foundations fall far behind. This paper studies score approximation, estimation, and distribution recovery of diffusion models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Minshuo Chen , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang

When do diffusion models reproduce their training data, and when are they able to generate samples beyond it? A practically relevant theoretical understanding of this interplay between memorization and generalization may significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sam Buchanan , Druv Pai , Yi Ma , Valentin De Bortoli

It has been observed that the performances of many high-dimensional estimation problems are universal with respect to underlying sensing (or design) matrices. Specifically, matrices with markedly different constructions seem to achieve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Rishabh Dudeja , Subhabrata Sen , Yue M. Lu

A general formulation of translationally invariant, parametrically correlated random matrix ensembles, is used to classify universality in correlation functions. Surprisingly, the range of possible physical systems is bounded, and can be…

chao-dyn · Physics 2016-08-31 Dimitri Kusnezov , Caio H. Lewenkopf

Probabilistic diffusion models enjoy increasing popularity in the deep learning community. They generate convincing samples from a learned distribution of input images with a wide field of practical applications. Originally, these…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Pascal Peter

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

In this paper, we study data-dependent generalization error bounds exhibiting a mild dependency on the number of classes, making them suitable for multi-class learning with a large number of label classes. The bounds generally hold for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Yunwen Lei , Urun Dogan , Ding-Xuan Zhou , Marius Kloft

Diffusion models have become fundamental tools for modeling data distributions in machine learning. Despite their success, these models face challenges when generating data with extreme brightness values, as evidenced by limitations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-10 Takuro Kutsuna