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Latent diffusion models (LDMs) enable high-fidelity synthesis by operating in learned latent spaces. However, training state-of-the-art LDMs requires complex staging: a tokenizer must be trained first, before the diffusion model can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shivam Duggal , Xingjian Bai , Zongze Wu , Richard Zhang , Eli Shechtman , Antonio Torralba , Phillip Isola , William T. Freeman

Text-to-image generative models often reflect the biases of the training data, leading to unequal representations of underrepresented groups. This study investigates inclusive text-to-image generative models that generate images based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Cheng Zhang , Xuanbai Chen , Siqi Chai , Chen Henry Wu , Dmitry Lagun , Thabo Beeler , Fernando De la Torre

High-quality 3D assets are essential for VR/AR, industrial design, and entertainment, motivating growing interest in generative models that create 3D content from user prompts. Most existing 3D generators, however, rely on a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiazhong Cen , Jiemin Fang , Sikuang Li , Guanjun Wu , Chen Yang , Taoran Yi , Zanwei Zhou , Zhikuan Bao , Lingxi Xie , Wei Shen , Qi Tian

The differing representation spaces required for visual understanding and generation pose a challenge in unifying them within the autoregressive paradigm of large language models. A vision tokenizer trained for reconstruction excels at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wei Song , Yuran Wang , Zijia Song , Yadong Li , Zenan Zhou , Long Chen , Jianhua Xu , Jiaqi Wang , Kaicheng Yu

Masked graph modeling excels in the self-supervised representation learning of molecular graphs. Scrutinizing previous studies, we can reveal a common scheme consisting of three key components: (1) graph tokenizer, which breaks a molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zhiyuan Liu , Yaorui Shi , An Zhang , Enzhi Zhang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Text-to-image diffusion models are pushing the boundaries of what generative AI can achieve in our lives. Beyond their ability to generate general images, new personalization techniques have been proposed to customize the pre-trained base…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Boheng Li , Yanhao Wei , Yankai Fu , Zhenting Wang , Yiming Li , Jie Zhang , Run Wang , Tianwei Zhang

The rapid progress of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) and cloud-based AI agents is transforming human-AI collaboration into bidirectional, multimodal interaction. However, existing codecs remain optimized for unimodal, one-way communication,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Qi Mao , Tinghan Yang , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Libiao Jin , Yan Lu

Visual generation with discrete tokens has gained significant attention as it enables a unified token prediction paradigm shared with language models, promising seamless multimodal architectures. However, current discrete generation methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yuqing Wang , Chuofan Ma , Zhijie Lin , Yao Teng , Lijun Yu , Shuai Wang , Jiaming Han , Jiashi Feng , Yi Jiang , Xihui Liu

This letter proposes UniToCom, a unified token communication paradigm that treats tokens as the fundamental units for both processing and wireless transmission. Specifically, to enable efficient token representations, we propose a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Hao Wei , Wanli Ni , Wen Wang , Wenjun Xu , Dusit Niyato , Ping Zhang

Autoregressive models have emerged as a powerful generative paradigm for visual generation. The current de-facto standard of next token prediction commonly operates over a single-scale sequence of dense image tokens, and is incapable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guangting Zheng , Yehao Li , Yingwei Pan , Jiajun Deng , Ting Yao , Yanyong Zhang , Tao Mei

Visual tokenizers are fundamental to image generation. They convert visual data into discrete tokens, enabling transformer-based models to excel at image generation. Despite their success, VQ-based tokenizers like VQGAN face significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zechen Bai , Jianxiong Gao , Ziteng Gao , Pichao Wang , Zheng Zhang , Tong He , Mike Zheng Shou

We propose a new paradigm to automatically generate training data with accurate labels at scale using the text-to-image synthesis frameworks (e.g., DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, etc.). The proposed approach1 decouples training data generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Yunhao Ge , Jiashu Xu , Brian Nlong Zhao , Neel Joshi , Laurent Itti , Vibhav Vineet

Image tokenization plays a central role in modern generative modeling by mapping visual inputs into compact representations that serve as an intermediate signal between pixels and generative models. Diffusion-based decoders have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chuhan Wang , Hao Chen

Customizing pre-trained text-to-image generation model has attracted massive research interest recently, due to its huge potential in real-world applications. Although existing methods are able to generate creative content for a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yufan Zhou , Ruiyi Zhang , Jiuxiang Gu , Tong Sun

Audio tokenizers are fundamental to unifying audio understanding and generation. Understanding requires high-level semantics, while generation demands semantic and acoustic details. Existing unified tokenizers jointly encode both in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu

Recently, Vector Quantized AutoRegressive (VQ-AR) models have shown remarkable results in text-to-image synthesis by equally predicting discrete image tokens from the top left to bottom right in the latent space. Although the simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Zhengcong Fei , Mingyuan Fan , Li Zhu , Junshi Huang

Current semantic segmentation models typically require a substantial amount of manually annotated data, a process that is both time-consuming and resource-intensive. Alternatively, leveraging advanced text-to-image models such as Midjourney…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Bo Gao , Jianhui Wang , Xinyuan Song , Yangfan He , Fangxu Xing , Tianyu Shi

Recently, Transformers have gained significant popularity in image restoration tasks such as image super-resolution and denoising, owing to their superior performance. However, balancing performance and computational burden remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Leheng Zhang , Wei Long , Yawei Li , Xingyu Zhou , Xiaorui Zhao , Shuhang Gu

With the emergence of 6G networks and proliferation of visual applications, efficient image transmission under adverse channel conditions is critical. We present a text-guided token communication system leveraging pre-trained foundation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Bole Liu , Li Qiao , Ye Wang , Zhen Gao , Yu Ma , Keke Ying , Tong Qin

Customization of text-to-image models enables users to insert new concepts or objects and generate them in unseen settings. Existing methods either rely on comparatively expensive test-time optimization or train encoders on single-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nupur Kumari , Xi Yin , Jun-Yan Zhu , Ishan Misra , Samaneh Azadi