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We introduce CompTok, a training framework for learning visual tokenizers whose tokens are enhanced for compositionality. CompTok uses a token-conditioned diffusion decoder. By employing an InfoGAN-style objective, where we train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Bingchen Zhao , Qiushan Guo , Ye Wang , Yixuan Huang , Zhonghua Zhai , Yu Tian

Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models have enabled the generation of diverse and high-quality images. While impressive, the images often fall short of depicting subtle details and are susceptible to errors due to ambiguity in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Idan Schwartz , Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Hila Chefer , Ryan Cotterell , Serge Belongie , Lior Wolf , Sagie Benaim

Bridging different modalities lies at the heart of cross-modality generation. While conventional approaches treat the text modality as a conditioning signal that gradually guides the denoising process from Gaussian noise to the target image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Ju He , Qihang Yu , Qihao Liu , Liang-Chieh Chen

In this paper, we focus on motion discrete tokenization, which converts raw motion into compact discrete tokens--a process proven crucial for efficient motion generation. In this paradigm, increasing the number of tokens is a common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sheng Yan , Yong Wang , Xin Du , Junsong Yuan , Mengyuan Liu

In this paper, we introduce SemHiTok, a unified image Tokenizer via Semantic-Guided Hierarchical codebook that provides consistent discrete representations for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, unified image tokenizers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zisheng Chen , Chunwei Wang , Runhui Huang , Hongbin Xu , Xiuwei Chen , Jun Zhou , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

Transformers and masked language modeling are quickly being adopted and explored in computer vision as vision transformers and masked image modeling (MIM). In this work, we argue that image token masking differs from token masking in text,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Spyros Gidaris , Bill Psomas , Yannis Avrithis , Andrei Bursuc , Konstantinos Karantzalos , Nikos Komodakis

We present a new perspective of achieving image synthesis by viewing this task as a visual token generation problem. Different from existing paradigms that directly synthesize a full image from a single input (e.g., a latent code), the new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Yanhong Zeng , Huan Yang , Hongyang Chao , Jianbo Wang , Jianlong Fu

Generating desired images conditioned on given text descriptions has received lots of attention. Recently, diffusion models and autoregressive models have demonstrated their outstanding expressivity and gradually replaced GAN as the favored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xiaozhou You , Jian Zhang

The field of advanced text-to-image generation is witnessing the emergence of unified frameworks that integrate powerful text encoders, such as CLIP and T5, with Diffusion Transformer backbones. Although there have been efforts to control…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Liang Chen , Shuai Bai , Wenhao Chai , Weichu Xie , Haozhe Zhao , Leon Vinci , Junyang Lin , Baobao Chang

Despite the high-quality results of text-to-image generation, stereotypical biases have been spotted in their generated contents, compromising the fairness of generative models. In this work, we propose to learn adaptive inclusive tokens to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xinyu Hou , Xiaoming Li , Chen Change Loy

The development of unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is fundamentally challenged by the granularity gap between visual understanding and generation: understanding requires high-level semantic abstractions, while image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Li , Ning Liao , Xiangyu Zhao , Shaofeng Zhang , Xiaoxing Wang , Yifan Yang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

We present SceneTok, a novel tokenizer for encoding view sets of scenes into a compressed and diffusable set of unstructured tokens. Existing approaches for 3D scene representation and generation commonly use 3D data structures or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mohammad Asim , Christopher Wewer , Jan Eric Lenssen

Visual generative and understanding models typically rely on distinct tokenizers to process images, presenting a key challenge for unifying them within a single framework. Recent studies attempt to address this by connecting the training of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chuofan Ma , Yi Jiang , Junfeng Wu , Jihan Yang , Xin Yu , Zehuan Yuan , Bingyue Peng , Xiaojuan Qi

In this work, we present HieraTok, a novel multi-scale Vision Transformer (ViT)-based tokenizer that overcomes the inherent limitation of modeling single-scale representations. This is realized through two key designs: (1) multi-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cong Chen , Ziyuan Huang , Cheng Zou , Muzhi Zhu , Kaixiang Ji , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Real-time transmission of visual data over wireless networks remains highly challenging, even when leveraging advanced deep neural networks, particularly under severe channel conditions such as limited bandwidth and weak connectivity. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zhenyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli

Unified Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) require a visual representation that simultaneously supports high-fidelity reconstruction, complex semantic extraction, and generative suitability. However, existing visual tokenizers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Shaobin Zhuang , Yuang Ai , Jiaming Han , Weijia Mao , Xiaohui Li , Fangyikang Wang , Xiao Wang , Yan Li , Shanchuan Lin , Kun Xu , Zhenheng Yang , Huaibo Huang , Xiangyu Yue , Hao Chen , Yali Wang

Text-guided image inpainting aims to inpaint masked image regions based on a textual prompt while preserving the background. Although diffusion-based methods have become dominant, their property of modeling the entire image in latent space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Longtao Jiang , Jie Huang , Mingfei Han , Lei Chen , Yongqiang Yu , Feng Zhao , Xiaojun Chang , Zhihui Li

Unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) aim to unify image understanding and image generation within a single framework, where a shared visual tokenizer serves as the sole interface that maps high-dimensional images into a limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lv Tang , Tianyi Zheng , Bo Li , Xingyu Li

Autoregressive (AR) language models rely on causal tokenization, but extending this paradigm to vision remains non-trivial. Current visual tokenizers either flatten 2D patches into non-causal sequences or enforce heuristic orderings that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yitong Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Efficient video tokenization remains a key bottleneck in learning general purpose vision models that are capable of processing long video sequences. Prevailing approaches are restricted to encoding videos to a fixed number of tokens, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Wilson Yan , Volodymyr Mnih , Aleksandra Faust , Matei Zaharia , Pieter Abbeel , Hao Liu