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In this paper, a new type of colouring called Johan colouring is introduced. This colouring concept is motivated by the newly introduced invariant called the rainbow neighbourhood number of a graph. The study ponders on maximal colouring…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Sudev Naduvath

An edge-coloured path is rainbow if its edges have distinct colours. For a connected graph $G$, the rainbow connection number (resp. strong rainbow connection number) of $G$ is the minimum number of colours required to colour the edges of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-06 Hui Lei , Henry Liu , Colton Magnant , Yongtang Shi

In 2017, Aharoni proposed the following generalization of the Caccetta-H\"{a}ggkvist conjecture: if $G$ is a simple $n$-vertex edge-colored graph with $n$ color classes of size at least $r$, then $G$ contains a rainbow cycle of length at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Patrick Hompe , Tony Huynh

An edge-colored multigraph $G$ is rainbow connected if every pair of vertices is joined by at least one rainbow path, i.e., a path where no two edges are of the same color. In the context of multilayered networks we introduce the notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Josep Díaz , Öznur Yaşar Diner , Maria Serna , Oriol Serra

A subgraph $H$ of an edge-colored graph $G$ is rainbow if all the edges of $H$ receive different colors. If $G$ does not contain a rainbow subgraph isomorphic to $H$, we say that $G$ is rainbow $H$-free. For connected graphs $H_1$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Shun-ichi Maezawa , Akira Saito

For integers $k \geq 3$ and $r\geq 2$, we show that for every $\alpha> 0$, there exists $\varepsilon > 0$ such that the union of $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices with minimum codegree at least $\alpha n$ and a binomial random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Yulin Chang , Jie Han , Lubos Thoma

Gallai's colouring theorem states that if the edges of a complete graph are 3-coloured, with each colour class forming a connected (spanning) subgraph, then there is a triangle that has all 3 colours. What happens for more colours: if we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-24 Imre Leader , Ta Sheng Tan

It has been conjectured that for any fixed $r\geq 2$ and sufficiently large $n$, there is a monochromatic Hamiltonian Berge-cycle in every $(r-1)$-coloring of the edges of $K_{n}^{r}$, the complete $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-31 G. R. Omidi

A rainbow spanning tree in an edge-colored graph is a spanning tree in which each edge is a different color. Carraher, Hartke, and Horn showed that for $n$ and $C$ large enough, if $G$ is an edge-colored copy of $K_n$ in which each color…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-04 Paul Horn , Lauren M. Nelsen

For a digraph $G$ and $v \in V(G)$, let $\delta^+(v)$ be the number of out-neighbors of $v$ in $G$. The Caccetta-H\"{a}ggkvist conjecture states that for all $k \ge 1$, if $G$ is a digraph with $n = |V(G)|$ such that $\delta^+(v) \ge k$ for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Patrick Hompe , Zishen Qu , Sophie Spirkl

Suppose $G$ is a $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices such that every $(k-1)$-subset $S$ of $V(G)$ belongs to at least $\delta n$ edges, where $\delta> 1/2$. Let $\Psi(G)$ denote the number of tight Hamilton cycles in $G$, that is, cyclic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Felix Joos , Xinyue Xie

We study sufficient conditions for the existence of Hamilton cycles in uniformly dense $3$-uniform hypergraphs. Problems of this type were first considered by Lenz, Mubayi, and Mycroft for loose Hamilton cycles and Aigner-Horev and Levy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-27 Pedro Araújo , Simón Piga , Mathias Schacht

A well-known special case of a conjecture attributed to Ryser states that k-partite intersecting hypergraphs have transversals of at most k-1 vertices. An equivalent form was formulated by Gy\'arf\'as: if the edges of a complete graph K are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-12 András Gyárfás , Zoltán Király

We show that a $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices has a spanning subgraph homeomorphic to the $(k - 1)$-dimensional sphere provided that $H$ has no isolated vertices and each set of $k - 1$ vertices supported by an edge is contained in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Freddie Illingworth , Richard Lang , Alp Müyesser , Olaf Parczyk , Amedeo Sgueglia

A subgraph of an edge-coloured complete graph is called rainbow if all its edges have different colours. The study of rainbow decompositions has a long history, going back to the work of Euler on Latin squares. In this paper we discuss…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-20 Alexey Pokrovskiy , Benny Sudakov

Given graphs $G_1,\ldots,G_s$ all on a common vertex set and a graph $H$ with $e(H) = s$, a copy of $H$ is \emph{transversal} or \emph{rainbow} if it contains one edge from each $G_i$. We establish a stability result for transversal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Yangyang Cheng , Katherine Staden

In this short note, we study pairwise edge-disjoint rainbow spanning trees in properly edge-coloured complete graphs, where a graph is rainbow if its edges have distinct colours. Brualdi and Hollingsworth conjectured that every $K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-25 József Balogh , Hong Liu , Richard Montgomery

In their 1997 paper titled ``Fruit Salad", Gy\'{a}rf\'{a}s posed the following conjecture: there exists a constant $k$ such that if each path of a graph spans a $3$-colourable subgraph, then the graph is $k$-colourable. It is noted that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-25 Ben Cameron , Alexander Clow

Given an edge-colored graph $G$, we denote the number of colors as $c(G)$, and the number of edges as $e(G)$. An edge-colored graph is rainbow if no two edges share the same color. A proper $mK_3$ is a vertex disjoint union of $m$ rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-29 Jürgen Kritschgau , tahda queer , Cyrus Young , Wohua Zhou

A famous conjecture of Lov\'asz states that every connected vertex-transitive graph contains a Hamilton path. In this article we confirm the conjecture in the case that the graph is dense and sufficiently large. In fact, we show that such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-31 Demetres Christofides , Jan Hladký , András Máthé