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Clustering is among the most fundamental tasks in computer vision and machine learning. In this paper, we propose Variational Deep Embedding (VaDE), a novel unsupervised generative clustering approach within the framework of Variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-29 Zhuxi Jiang , Yin Zheng , Huachun Tan , Bangsheng Tang , Hanning Zhou

We study a variant of the variational autoencoder model (VAE) with a Gaussian mixture as a prior distribution, with the goal of performing unsupervised clustering through deep generative models. We observe that the known problem of…

Variational autoencoder (VAE) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) have found widespread applications in clustering and have achieved significant success. However, the potential of these approaches may be limited due to VAE's mediocre…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jie Yan , Jing Liu , Zhong-yuan Zhang

Recent advances in deep learning have shown their ability to learn strong feature representations for images. The task of image clustering naturally requires good feature representations to capture the distribution of the data and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Vignesh Prasad , Dipanjan Das , Brojeshwar Bhowmick

Training deep generative models with maximum likelihood remains a challenge. The typical workaround is to use variational inference (VI) and maximize a lower bound to the log marginal likelihood of the data. Variational auto-encoders (VAEs)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-13 Adji B. Dieng , John Paisley

Clustering high-dimensional data, such as images or biological measurements, is a long-standingproblem and has been studied extensively. Recently, Deep Clustering has gained popularity due toits flexibility in fitting the specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Andreas Kopf , Vincent Fortuin , Vignesh Ram Somnath , Manfred Claassen

Embracing the deep learning techniques for representation learning in clustering research has attracted broad attention in recent years, yielding a newly developed clustering paradigm, viz. the deep clustering (DC). Typically, the DC models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Shuai Chang

Clustering using deep neural network models have been extensively studied in recent years. Among the most popular frameworks are the VAE and GAN frameworks, which learns latent feature representations of data through encoder / decoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Adam Lindhe , Carl Ringqvist , Henrik Hult

Variation Autoencoder (VAE) has become a powerful tool in modeling the non-linear generative process of data from a low-dimensional latent space. Recently, several studies have proposed to use VAE for unsupervised clustering by using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Qingyu Zhao , Nicolas Honnorat , Ehsan Adeli , Kilian M. Pohl

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have been shown to be remarkably effective in recovering model latent spaces for several computer vision tasks. However, currently trained VAEs, for a number of reasons, seem to fall short in learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Chandrajit Bajaj , Avik Roy , Haoran Zhang

Multimodal learning with variational autoencoders (VAEs) requires estimating joint distributions to evaluate the evidence lower bound (ELBO). Current methods, the product and mixture of experts, aggregate single-modality distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Rogelio A Mancisidor , Robert Jenssen , Shujian Yu , Michael Kampffmeyer

Generative modeling and clustering are conventionally distinct tasks in machine learning. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have been widely explored for their ability to integrate both, providing a framework for generative clustering.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jorge da Silva Gonçalves , Laura Manduchi , Moritz Vandenhirtz , Julia E. Vogt

In this paper, we develop an unsupervised generative clustering framework that combines the Variational Information Bottleneck and the Gaussian Mixture Model. Specifically, in our approach, we use the Variational Information Bottleneck…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Yigit Ugur , George Arvanitakis , Abdellatif Zaidi

Widely used deep latent variable models (DLVMs), in particular Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), employ overly simplistic priors on the latent space. To achieve strong clustering performance, existing methods that replace the standard normal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Andrew A. Stirn , David A. Knowles

Motivated by the ever-increasing demands for limited communication bandwidth and low-power consumption, we propose a new methodology, named joint Variational Autoencoders with Bernoulli mixture models (VAB), for performing clustering in the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Suya Wu , Enmao Diao , Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh

This work introduces a novel probabilistic deep learning technique called deep Gaussian mixture ensembles (DGMEs), which enables accurate quantification of both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. By assuming the data generating process…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-13 Yousef El-Laham , Niccolò Dalmasso , Elizabeth Fons , Svitlana Vyetrenko

An implicit goal in works on deep generative models is that such models should be able to generate novel examples that were not previously seen in the training data. In this paper, we investigate to what extent this property holds for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Alican Bozkurt , Babak Esmaeili , Dana H. Brooks , Jennifer G. Dy , Jan-Willem van de Meent

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are one of the powerful unsupervised learning frameworks in NLP for latent representation learning and latent-directed generation. The classic optimization goal of VAEs is to maximize the Evidence Lower Bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Jianfei Zhang , Jun Bai , Chenghua Lin , Yanmeng Wang , Wenge Rong

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) are a popular and powerful deep generative model. Previous works on VAEs have assumed a factorized likelihood model, whereby the output uncertainty of each pixel is assumed to be independent. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Gara Dorta , Sara Vicente , Lourdes Agapito , Neill D. F. Campbell , Ivor Simpson

The vector quantization is a widely used method to map continuous representation to discrete space and has important application in tokenization for generative mode, bottlenecking information and many other tasks in machine learning. Vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mingyuan Yan , Jiawei Wu , Rushi Shah , Dianbo Liu
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