Related papers: Family Matters
An unorthodox unified theory is developed to describe external and internal attributes and symmetries of fundamental fermions, quarks and leptons. Basic ingredients of the theory are an algebra which consists of all the…
An option of composite quarks and leptons is briefly outlined, where elementary color-triplet quark-like fermions are bound with an elementary color-triplet isoscalar scalar boson due to the color coupling 3* x 3* -> 3 and 3* x 3 -> 1,…
The standard model of leptons is extended to accommodate a discrete Z_3 X Z_2 family symmetry. After rotating the charged-lepton mass matrix to its diagonal form, the neutrino mass matrix reveals itself as very suitable for explaining…
A brief review, from basic atomic constants to "Mendeleev Table" of leptons, quarks, fundamental bosons, and then to superunification of all forces and particles.
We present an $S_3$-invariant extension of the SM which is able to account for the mixing both in the quark and the lepton sector. We focus here on the quark sector and present different realizations of the model, according to how many…
The mass relations among respective quark family members are predicted and similar mass relation for the lepton family member are obtained. The volume of the volume element is also calculated which is (3/2)^(1/2).
Although there have been many experimental and theoretical efforts to measure and interpret small deviations from the standard model of particle physics, the gap that the model leaves in understanding why there are only three generations of…
The minimal model of spontaneously broken leptonic colour and discrete quark-lepton symmetry predicts that charged leptons have the same masses as their partner charge $+2/3$ quarks up to small radiative corrections. By invoking a different…
The up-down splitting within quark families increases with the family number: m_u ~ m_d, m_c > m_s, m_t >> m_b. We show an approach that realizes this feature of the spectrum in a natural way. We suggest that the mass hierarchy is first…
Building an organized Yukawa structure of quarks and leptons is an essential mission to understand fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixing in particle physics. Inspired by the similarity of CKM and PMNS mixings, a common mass pattern for…
One of the greatest achievements of twentieth century physics is the discovery of a very close link between the microcosm and the macrocosm. This follows from the two basic principles of quantum mechanics and relativity, the uncertainty…
The masses of quarks and leptons suggest a strong hierarchical structure. We argue that their patterns can be reproduced through the introduction of a new Abelian symmetry. The data suggest that this symmetry is anomalous. We suggest that…
In this work we obtain presentations of fundamental groups of the complements of three families of quadric arrangements in $\mathbb{P}^2$. The first arrangement is a union of $n$ quadrics, which are tangent to each other at two common…
Elementary particles, i.e. the basic constituents of nature, are characterized by quantum recurrences in time. The flow of time of every physical system can be therefore decomposed in elementary cycles of time. This allows us to enforce the…
The quark masses evaluated by the Particle Data Group are consistent with terms in a geometric progression of mass values descending from the Planck Mass. The common ratio of the sequence is 2/pi. The quarks occupy the 'principal' levels of…
The successful A4 family symmetry for leptons is applied to quarks, motivated by the quark-lepton assignments of SU(5). Realistic quark masses and mixing angles are obtained, in good agreement with data. In particular, we find a strong…
Gauge theories describe the interactions of the fundamental building blocks of nature with great success. The Standard Model achieves a partial unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions, and it also acomodates the strong…
The standard model of the elementary particles is built on several assumptions. The Higgs is assumed to be a scalar, a boson, with the charges of a fermion (in the fundamental representations of the charge groups). No explanation is offered…
Basing on the formalism of generalized Dirac equation introduced by the author already many years ago, we suggest a model of formal intrinsic interactions within leptons and quarks of three generations. In this model, the leptons and quarks…
We propose a model of generations that has exactly three generations. This model has several attractive features: There is a simple mechanism to produce the CKM quark mixings and their neutrino analogs. There are definite predictions for…