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In this paper we review the extragalactic propagation of ultrahigh energy cosmic-rays (UHECR). We present the different energy loss processes of protons and nuclei, and their expected influence on energy evolution of the UHECR spectrum and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Denis Allard

Combined recent data from cosmic-ray detectors and gamma-ray detectors have produced some surprising insights regarding the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), magnetic fields inside and outside the Milky Way, and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 Alexander Kusenko

A posteriori anisotropy study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) has shown evidence of excess of cosmic ray particles above 55 EeV within $18^{\circ}$ of the direction of the radio galaxy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 Ruo-Yu Liu , Xiang-Yu Wang , Wei Wang , A. M. Taylor

We explore the potential of a future, ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) experiment, that is able to overcome the limitation of low statistics, to detect anisotropy in the arrival directions of UHECRs. We concentrate on the lower energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-01-28 Foteini Oikonomou , Kumiko Kotera , Filipe B. Abdalla

We investigate the possibility that near future observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) can unveil their local source distribution, which reflects the observed local structures if their origins are astrophysical objects. In…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Hajime Takami , Katsuhiko Sato

To understand the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, defined to be above 10^18 eV), it is required to model in a realistic way their propagation in the Universe. UHECRs can interact with low energy radio, microwave, infrared…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Armengaud , G. Sigl , T. Beau , F. Miniati

The quest for the origin(s) of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) continues to be a far-reaching pillar of high energy astrophysics. The source scrutiny is mostly based on three observables: the energy spectrum, the nuclear composition,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-20 Luis A. Anchordoqui , Jorge F. Soriano

Relativistic jets of radio galaxies (RGs) are possible sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Recent studies combining relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with Monte Carlo particle transport have demonstrated that UHECRs can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-19 Jeongbhin Seo , Dongsu Ryu , Hyesung Kang

The origin of highest energy cosmic rays (UHECR) is yet unknown. In order to understand their propagation we determine the probability that an ultrahigh energy (above 5\cdot 10^{19} eV) proton created at a distance r with energy E arrives…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. Fodor

The origin and composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Events (UHECRs) are under debate. Here we improve constraints on the source population(s) and compositions of UHECRs by accounting for UHECR deflections within existing Galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 Neil M. Nagar , Javier Matulich

Cosmic rays (CRs) are protons and atomic nuclei that flow into our Solar system and reach the Earth with energies of up to ~10^21 eV. The sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with E >~ 10^19 eV remain unknown, although there…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 Alexander Khanin , Daniel Mortlock

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays $($UHECRs$)$ remains a mystery. It has been suggested that UHECRs can be produced by the stochastic acceleration in relativistic jets of gamma-ray bursts $($GRBs$)$ at the early afterglow phase.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-17 Ze-Lin Zhang , Ruo-Yu Liu , Xiang-Yu Wang

Transrelativistic supernovae (SNe), which are likely driven by central engines via jets or winds, have been among candidate sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We investigate acceleration and survival of UHECR nuclei in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-11-13 B. Theodore Zhang , Kohta Murase

With the aim of testing recent claims for a particularly strong correlation between ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), observed with the AGASA and the Yakutsk experiments, and a sample of BL Lacertae (BL Lacs), we here conduct a blind…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Diego F. Torres , Stephen Reucroft , Olaf Reimer , Luis A. Anchordoqui

We present numerical simulations on propagation of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) above $10^{19}$ eV in a structured extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF) and simulate their arrival distributions at the earth. We use the IRAS PSCz…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Hajime Takami , Hiroyuki Yoshiguchi , Katsuhiko Sato

We extend the Maximum Likelihood method used by HiRes to study cross correlations between a catalog of candidate astrophysical sources and Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), to allow for differing source luminosities. Our approach…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-08-22 Ronnie Jansson , Glennys R. Farrar

We considered propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) through the galaxy. We investigated models with sources of UHECR distributed in the same way as Cold Dark Matter (CDM) in a self-consistent way, taking into account both…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 O. E. Kalashev , V. A. Kuzmin , D. V. Semikoz

Amaterasu, the second most energetic ($244$ EeV) cosmic ray particle has been recently detected by the Telescope Array (TA) surface detector. The origin of the TA Amaterasu event is puzzling, as its arrival direction points back to a void…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-18 Prantik Sarmah , Nayan Das , Debasish Borah , Sovan Chakraborty , Poonam Mehta

The origin, propagation, and mechanisms of acceleration of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are not yet well understood. Aiming for a better interpretation of the available experimental data, these data have to be confronted with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-03-18 Rafael Alves Batista , Peter Schiffer , Guenter Sigl

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) may originate from the decay of massive relic particles in the dark halo of the Galaxy, or they may be produced by supermassive black holes in the nuclei of nearby galaxies. The anisotropy in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-16 Wyn Evans , Francesc Ferrer , Subir Sarkar