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Large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned using human comparison data with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) methods to make them better aligned with users' preferences. In contrast to LLMs, human preference learning has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Bram Wallace , Meihua Dang , Rafael Rafailov , Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Senthil Purushwalkam , Stefano Ermon , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Nikhil Naik

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effectiveness for aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences. Although Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is widely adopted for its computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jiamu Bai , Xin Yu , Meilong Xu , Weitao Lu , Xin Pan , Kiwan Maeng , Daniel Kifer , Jian Wang , Yu Wang

Traditional preference tuning methods for LLMs/Visual Generative Models often rely solely on reward model labeling, which can be opaque, offer limited insights into the rationale behind preferences, and are prone to issues such as reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hanyang Zhao , Haoxian Chen , Yucheng Guo , Genta Indra Winata , Tingting Ou , Ziyu Huang , David D. Yao , Wenpin Tang

Using reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) has shown significant promise in fine-tuning diffusion models. Previous methods start by training a reward model that aligns with human preferences, then leverage RL techniques to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Kai Yang , Jian Tao , Jiafei Lyu , Chunjiang Ge , Jiaxin Chen , Qimai Li , Weihan Shen , Xiaolong Zhu , Xiu Li

While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Rafael Rafailov , Archit Sharma , Eric Mitchell , Stefano Ermon , Christopher D. Manning , Chelsea Finn

Aligning large language models with human preferences has emerged as a critical focus in language modeling research. Yet, integrating preference learning into Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models is still relatively uncharted territory.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yi Gu , Zhendong Wang , Yueqin Yin , Yujia Xie , Mingyuan Zhou

Recent advancements in human preference optimization, initially developed for Language Models (LMs), have shown promise for text-to-image Diffusion Models, enhancing prompt alignment, visual appeal, and user preference. Unlike LMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alexander Gambashidze , Anton Kulikov , Yuriy Sosnin , Ilya Makarov

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have made remarkable strides in generating and editing high-fidelity images from text. Yet, these models remain fundamentally generic, failing to adapt to the nuanced aesthetic preferences of individual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Connor Dunlop , Matthew Zheng , Kavana Venkatesh , Pinar Yanardag

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been successfully used to align large language models (LLMs) according to human preferences, and more recently it has also been applied to improving the quality of text-to-image diffusion models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shivanshu Shekhar , Shreyas Singh , Tong Zhang

Text-to-image diffusion models deliver high-quality images, yet aligning them with human preferences remains challenging. We revisit diffusion-based Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) for these models and identify a critical pathology:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Minghao Fu , Guo-Hua Wang , Tianyu Cui , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been popular for aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences. As a mainstream branch of RLHF, Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) offers a computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiaming Hu , Jiamu Bai , Haoyu Wang , Debarghya Mukherjee , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

Without using explicit reward, direct preference optimization (DPO) employs paired human preference data to fine-tune generative models, a method that has garnered considerable attention in large language models (LLMs). However, exploration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yunhong Lu , Qichao Wang , Hengyuan Cao , Xierui Wang , Xiaoyin Xu , Min Zhang

Aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences has emerged as a critical research challenge. While recent advances in this area have extended preference optimization techniques from large language models (LLMs) to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Junyong Kang , Seohyun Lim , Kyungjune Baek , Hyunjung Shim

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been proposed as an effective and efficient alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). In this paper, we propose a novel and enhanced version of DPO based on curriculum…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Vlad Hondru , Radu Tudor Ionescu , Nicu Sebe , Mubarak Shah

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) aligns text-to-image (T2I) generation models with human preferences using pairwise preference data. Although substantial resources are expended in collecting and labeling datasets, a critical aspect is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yunhong Lu , Qichao Wang , Hengyuan Cao , Xiaoyin Xu , Min Zhang

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in various visual generation tasks, including image, video, and 3D content generation. Preference optimization (PO) is a prominent and growing area of research that aims to align these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Fu-Yun Wang , Keqiang Sun , Yao Teng , Xihui Liu , Jiale Yuan , Jiaming Song , Hongsheng Li

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains, with recent advancements extending their applicability to discrete data. However, aligning discrete diffusion models with task-specific preferences remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Umberto Borso , Davide Paglieri , Jude Wells , Tim Rocktäschel

Preference optimization for diffusion models aims to align them with human preferences for images. Previous methods typically use Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as pixel-level reward models to approximate human preferences. However, when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Tao Zhang , Cheng Da , Kun Ding , Huan Yang , Kun Jin , Yan Li , Tingting Gao , Di Zhang , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

Video diffusion models (VDMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text-to-video (T2V) generation. Despite their success, VDMs still suffer from degraded image quality and flickering artifacts. To address these issues, some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jiacheng Zhang , Jie Wu , Weifeng Chen , Yatai Ji , Xuefeng Xiao , Weilin Huang , Kai Han

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) plays a crucial role in aligning language models with human preferences. While the significance of dataset quality is generally recognized, explicit investigations into its impact within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Yuu Jinnai , Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu
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