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Related papers: ACORD: An Expert-Annotated Retrieval Dataset for L…

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Reviewing and comprehending key obligations, entitlements, and prohibitions in legal contracts can be a tedious task due to their length and domain-specificity. Furthermore, the key rights and duties requiring review vary for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Abhilasha Sancheti , Aparna Garimella , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan , Rachel Rudinger

A Smart Legal Contract (SLC) is a specialized digital agreement comprising natural language and computable components. The Accord Project provides an open-source SLC framework containing three main modules: Cicero, Concerto, and Ergo.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Eason Chen , Niall Roche , Yuen-Hsien Tseng , Walter Hernandez , Jiangbo Shangguan , Alastair Moore

We introduce CONCORD, a privacy-aware asynchronous assistant-to-assistant (A2A) framework that leverages collaboration between proactive speech-based AI. As agents evolve from reactive to always-listening assistants, they face a core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tanmay Srivastava , Amartya Basu , Shubham Jain , Vaishnavi Ranganathan

A contract is a type of legal document commonly used in organizations. Contract review is an integral and repetitive process to avoid business risk and liability. Contract analysis requires the identification and classification of key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Amit Tewari

Clinical value set authoring -- the task of identifying all codes in a standardized vocabulary that define a clinical concept -- is a recurring bottleneck in clinical quality measurement and phenotyping. A natural approach is to prompt a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sumit Mukherjee , Juan Shu , Nairwita Mazumder , Tate Kernell , Celena Wheeler , Shannon Hastings , Chris Sidey-Gibbons

Citation recommendation is the task of finding appropriate citations based on a given piece of text. The proposed datasets for this task consist mainly of several scientific fields, lacking some core ones, such as law. Furthermore, citation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Doğukan Arslan , Saadet Sena Erdoğan , Gülşen Eryiğit

Legal texts often contain computational legal clauses--provisions whose understanding requires complex logic. While frontier Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) can describe such clauses, building production-ready systems is limited by reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Stanisław Sójka , Witold Kowalczyk

Document-level Relation Extraction (DocRE) involves identifying relations between entities across multiple sentences in a document. Evidence sentences, crucial for precise entity pair relationships identification, enhance focus on essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Khai Phan Tran , Xue Li

Identifying the quality of free-text arguments has become an important task in the rapidly expanding field of computational argumentation. In this work, we explore the challenging task of argument quality ranking. To this end, we created a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Shai Gretz , Roni Friedman , Edo Cohen-Karlik , Assaf Toledo , Dan Lahav , Ranit Aharonov , Noam Slonim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient at retrieving single facts from extended contexts, yet they struggle with tasks requiring the simultaneous retrieval of multiple facts, especially during generation. This paper identifies a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jinlin Wang , Suyuchen Wang , Ziwen Xia , Sirui Hong , Yun Zhu , Bang Liu , Chenglin Wu

Legal Case Retrieval (LCR), which retrieves relevant cases from a query case, is a fundamental task for legal professionals in research and decision-making. However, existing studies on LCR face two major limitations. First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chaeeun Kim , Jinu Lee , Wonseok Hwang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a commonly used approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with relevant and up-to-date information. However, the retrieved sources can often contain conflicting information and it remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Arie Cattan , Alon Jacovi , Ori Ram , Jonathan Herzig , Roee Aharoni , Sasha Goldshtein , Eran Ofek , Idan Szpektor , Avi Caciularu

Legal case retrieval is a special Information Retrieval~(IR) task focusing on legal case documents. Depending on the downstream tasks of the retrieved case documents, users' information needs in legal case retrieval could be significantly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yunqiu Shao , Haitao Li , Yueyue Wu , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai , Jiaxin Mao , Yixiao Ma , Shaoping Ma

Research on conversational search has so far mostly focused on query rewriting and multi-stage passage retrieval. However, synthesizing the top retrieved passages into a complete, relevant, and concise response is still an open challenge.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Weronika Łajewska , Krisztian Balog

Multi-label legal annotation requires assigning multiple labels from large, evolving taxonomies to long, fact-intensive documents, often under limited supervision. Parametric encoders typically require task-specific training and retraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Li Zhang , Jaromir Savelka , Kevin Ashley

Repository-level code generation remains challenging due to complex code dependencies and the limitations of large language models (LLMs) in processing long contexts. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks are widely adopted,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Wenchao Gu , Juntao Chen , Yanlin Wang , Tianyue Jiang , Xingzhe Li , Mingwei Liu , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Zibin Zheng

Determining which legal cases are relevant to a given query involves navigating lengthy texts and applying nuanced legal reasoning. Traditionally, this task has demanded significant time and domain expertise to identify key Legal Facts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shengjie Ma , Qi Chu , Jiaxin Mao , Xuhui Jiang , Haozhe Duan , Chong Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven highly effective in improving large language models (LLMs) across various domains. However, there is no benchmark specifically designed to assess the effectiveness of RAG in the legal domain,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Haitao Li , Yifan Chen , Yiran Hu , Qingyao Ai , Junjie Chen , Xiaoyu Yang , Jianhui Yang , Yueyue Wu , Zeyang Liu , Yiqun Liu

We present L-MARS (Legal Multi-Agent Workflow with Orchestrated Reasoning and Agentic Search), a multi-agent retrieval framework for grounded legal question answering that decomposes queries into structured sub-problems, retrieves evidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ziqi Wang , Boqin Yuan

Contract review is a complex and time-intensive task that typically demands specialized legal expertise, rendering it largely inaccessible to non-experts. Moreover, legal interpretation is rarely straightforward-ambiguity is pervasive, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Petros Raptopoulos , Giorgos Filandrianos , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou