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Testing to see whether a given data set comes from some specified distribution is among the oldest types of problems in Statistics. Many such tests have been developed and their performance studied. The general result has been that while a…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-07 Wolfgang Rolke

We tackle the problem of deciding whether two probabilistic programs are equivalent in Probabilistic NetKAT, a formal language for specifying and reasoning about the behavior of packet-switched networks. We show that the problem is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Steffen Smolka , Praveen Kumar , Nate Foster , Justin Hsu , David Kahn , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

Given two programs $p_1$ and $p_2$, typically two versions of the same program, the goal of regression verification is to mark pairs of functions from $p_1$ and $p_2$ that are equivalent, given a definition of equivalence. The most common…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Chaked R. J. Sayedoff , Ofer Strichman

We propose a method for combining probabilistic outputs of classifiers to make a single consensus class prediction when no further information about the individual classifiers is available, beyond that they have been trained for the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Jordan F. Masakuna , Simukai W. Utete , Steve Kroon

Probabilistic programming is becoming increasingly popular thanks to its ability to specify problems with a certain degree of uncertainty. In this work, we focus on term rewriting, a well-known computational formalism. In particular, we…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Germán Vidal

Weighting estimators based on propensity scores are widely used for causal estimation in a variety of contexts, such as observational studies, marginal structural models and interference. They enjoy appealing theoretical properties such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-06 Linbo Wang , Yuexia Zhang , Thomas S. Richardson , Xiao-Hua Zhou

We present a general approach to constructing permutation tests that are both exact for the null hypothesis of equality of distributions and asymptotically correct for testing equality of parameters of distributions while allowing the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-12 Colin B. Fogarty

Sampling algorithms play a pivotal role in probabilistic AI. However, verifying if a sampler program indeed samples from the claimed distribution is a notoriously hard problem. Provably correct testers like Barbarik, Teq, Flash, CubeProbe…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Rishiraj Bhattacharyya , Sourav Chakraborty , Yash Pote , Uddalok Sarkar , Sayantan Sen

This research seeks to benefit the software engineering society by providing a simple yet effective pre-processing approach to achieve equalized odds fairness in machine learning software. Fairness issues have attracted increasing attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Zhe Yu , Joymallya Chakraborty , Tim Menzies

We propose dual regression as an alternative to the quantile regression process for the global estimation of conditional distribution functions under minimal assumptions. Dual regression provides all the interpretational power of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-26 Richard Spady , Sami Stouli

Methods for probability updating, of which Bayesian conditionalization is the most well-known and widely used, are modeling tools that aim to represent the process of modifying an initial epistemic state, typically represented by a prior…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Tommaso Flaminio , Lluis Godo , Gluliano Rosella

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to deal with the violation of the Closed-World Assumption for a classifier. Previous works tend to apply a threshold either on the classification scores or the loss function to reject…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Saeed Bakhshi Germi , Esa Rahtu , Heikki Huttunen

To support the understanding of declarative probabilistic programming languages, we introduce a lambda-calculus with a fair binary probabilistic choice that chooses between its arguments with equal probability. The reduction strategy of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-31 David Sabel , Manfred Schmidt-Schauß , Luca Maio

A well motivated method for demonstrating that an experiment resists any classical explanation is to show that its statistics violate generalized noncontextuality. We here formulate this problem as a linear program and provide an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 John H. Selby , Elie Wolfe , David Schmid , Ana Belén Sainz , Vinicius P. Rossi

We introduce the notion of a stochastic probabilistic program and present a reference implementation of a probabilistic programming facility supporting specification of stochastic probabilistic programs and inference in them. Stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-23 David Tolpin , Tomer Dobkin

To model combinatorial decision problems involving uncertainty and probability, we introduce stochastic constraint programming. Stochastic constraint programs contain both decision variables (which we can set) and stochastic variables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-09 Toby Walsh

In Bayesian probabilistic programming, a central problem is to estimate the normalised posterior distribution (NPD) of a probabilistic program with conditioning via score (a.k.a. observe) statements. Most previous approaches address this…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Peixin Wang , Tengshun Yang , Hongfei Fu , Guanyan Li , C. -H. Luke Ong

This paper considers the problem of testing whether there exists a solution satisfying certain non-negativity constraints to a linear system of equations. Importantly and in contrast to some prior work, we allow all parameters in the system…

Probabilistic inference problems arise naturally in distributed systems such as sensor networks and teams of mobile robots. Inference algorithms that use message passing are a natural fit for distributed systems, but they must be robust to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Mark Paskin , Carlos E. Guestrin

Code assistants are increasingly utilized in test-driven software development, yet the theoretical mechanisms behind their environment-interaction strategies remain underexplored. We provide a probabilistic framework for two dominant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nicolas Menet , Michael Hersche , Andreas Krause , Abbas Rahimi