Related papers: CAMs as Shapley Value-based Explainers

Class activation mapping (CAM) is a widely adopted class of saliency methods used to explain the behavior of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These methods generate heatmaps that highlight the parts of the input most relevant to the…

While Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly expanding more areas of application, little has been applied to make deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) more comprehensible. As RL becomes ubiquitous and used in critical and…

Recent research in deep learning methodology has led to a variety of complex modelling techniques in computer vision (CV) that reach or even outperform human performance. Although these black-box deep learning models have obtained…

Class activation map (CAM) highlights regions of classes based on classification network, which is widely used in weakly supervised tasks. However, it faces the problem that the class activation regions are usually small and local. Although…

Class activation map (CAM) has been widely studied for visual explanation of the internal working mechanism of convolutional neural networks. The key of existing CAM-based methods is to compute effective weights to combine activation maps…

Explanation methods facilitate the development of models that learn meaningful concepts and avoid exploiting spurious correlations. We illustrate a previously unrecognized limitation of the popular neural network explanation method…

CAM-based methods are widely-used post-hoc interpretability method that produce a saliency map to explain the decision of an image classification model. The saliency map highlights the important areas of the image relevant to the…

Interpretation of deep learning remains a very challenging problem. Although the Class Activation Map (CAM) is widely used to interpret deep model predictions by highlighting object location, it fails to provide insight into the salient…

In recent years, the Shapley value and SHAP explanations have emerged as one of the most dominant paradigms for providing post-hoc explanations of black-box models. Despite their well-founded theoretical properties, many recent works have…

Deep learning models have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains. However, the intricate nature of these models often impedes a clear understanding of their decision-making processes. This is where Explainable AI (XAI) becomes…

Interpreting complex deep networks, notably pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), is a formidable challenge. Current Class Activation Map (CAM) methods highlight regions revealing the model's decision-making basis but lack clear…

The Shapley value, which is arguably the most popular approach for assigning a meaningful contribution value to players in a cooperative game, has recently been used intensively in explainable artificial intelligence. Its meaningfulness is…

Convolutional neural networks have been shown to develop internal representations, which correspond closely to semantically meaningful objects and parts, although trained solely on class labels. Class Activation Mapping (CAM) is a recent…

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods are widely applied in weakly supervised learning tasks due to their ability to highlight object regions. However, conventional CAM methods highlight only the most discriminative regions of the target.…

Deep neural networks have been widely adopted in numerous domains due to their high performance and accessibility to developers and application-specific end-users. Fundamental to image-based applications is the development of Convolutional…

Explainability is a vital aspect of modern AI for real-world impact and usability. The main objective of this paper is to emphasise the need to understand the predictions of Computer Vision models, specifically Convolutional Neural Network…

We present Gradient Activation Maps (GAM) - a machinery for explaining predictions made by visual similarity and classification models. By gleaning localized gradient and activation information from multiple network layers, GAM offers…

This paper addresses the visualization task of deep learning models. To improve Class Activation Mapping (CAM) based visualization method, we offer two options. First, we propose Gaussian upsampling, an improved upsampling method that can…

Visual search, recommendation, and contrastive similarity learning power technologies that impact billions of users worldwide. Modern model architectures can be complex and difficult to interpret, and there are several competing techniques…

Deep learning opacity often impedes deployment in high-stakes domains. We propose a training framework that aligns model focus with class-representative features without requiring pixel-level annotations. To this end, we introduce…