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We study the dynamics of optimization and the generalization properties of one-hidden layer neural networks with quadratic activation function in the over-parametrized regime where the layer width $m$ is larger than the input dimension $d$.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Stefano Sarao Mannelli , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Lenka Zdeborová

In this paper we study the problem of learning a shallow artificial neural network that best fits a training data set. We study this problem in the over-parameterized regime where the number of observations are fewer than the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Adel Javanmard , Jason D. Lee

Near an optimal learning point of a neural network, the learning performance of gradient descent dynamics is dictated by the Hessian matrix of the loss function with respect to the network parameters. We characterize the Hessian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-18 Carlos Couto , José Mourão , Mário A. T. Figueiredo , Pedro Ribeiro

We study the training dynamics of a shallow neural network with quadratic activation functions and quadratic cost in a teacher-student setup. In line with previous works on the same neural architecture, the optimization is performed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Simon Martin , Francis Bach , Giulio Biroli

We examine the squared error loss landscape of shallow linear neural networks. We show---with significantly milder assumptions than previous works---that the corresponding optimization problems have benign geometric properties: there are no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Zhihui Zhu , Daniel Soudry , Yonina C. Eldar , Michael B. Wakin

Understanding the generalization properties of neural networks on simple input-output distributions is key to explaining their performance on real datasets. The classical teacher-student setting, where a network is trained on data generated…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-03-26 Rodrigo Pérez Ortiz , Gibbs Nwemadji , Jean Barbier , Federica Gerace , Alessandro Ingrosso , Clarissa Lauditi , Enrico M. Malatesta

We consider the teacher-student setting of learning shallow neural networks with quadratic activations and planted weight matrix $W^*\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times d}$, where $m$ is the width of the hidden layer and $d\le m$ is the data dimension.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-13 David Gamarnik , Eren C. Kızıldağ , Ilias Zadik

We study convolutional neural networks with monomial activation functions. Specifically, we prove that their parameterization map is regular and is an isomorphism almost everywhere, up to rescaling the filters. By leveraging on tools from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Vahid Shahverdi , Giovanni Luca Marchetti , Kathlén Kohn

We examine the necessary and sufficient complexity of neural networks to approximate functions from different smoothness spaces under the restriction of encodable network weights. Based on an entropy argument, we start by proving lower…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-21 Ingo Gühring , Mones Raslan

In this paper, we investigate the sample complexity of recovering tensors with low symmetric rank from symmetric rank-one measurements. This setting is particularly motivated by the study of higher-order interactions and the analysis of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Eren C. Kızıldağ

We study approximation limits of single-hidden-layer neural networks with analytic activation functions under global coefficient constraints. Under uniform $\ell^1$ bounds, or more generally sub-exponential growth of the coefficients, we…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-09 Jean-Gabriel Attali

In this article, we study approximation properties of the variation spaces corresponding to shallow neural networks with a variety of activation functions. We introduce two main tools for estimating the metric entropy, approximation rates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

We study the geometry of linear networks with one-dimensional convolutional layers. The function spaces of these networks can be identified with semi-algebraic families of polynomials admitting sparse factorizations. We analyze the impact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Kathlén Kohn , Guido Montúfar , Vahid Shahverdi , Matthew Trager

We study the expressivity and learning process for polynomial neural networks (PNNs) with monomial activation functions. The weights of the network parametrize the neuromanifold. In this paper, we study certain neuromanifolds using tools…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Kaie Kubjas , Jiayi Li , Maximilian Wiesmann

Modern neural networks are often quite wide, causing large memory and computation costs. It is thus of great interest to train a narrower network. However, training narrow neural nets remains a challenging task. We ask two theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Jiawei Zhang , Yushun Zhang , Mingyi Hong , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Quan Luo

We study deep neural networks with polynomial activations, particularly their expressive power. For a fixed architecture and activation degree, a polynomial neural network defines an algebraic map from weights to polynomials. The image of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Joe Kileel , Matthew Trager , Joan Bruna

Recent numerical experiments have demonstrated that the choice of optimization geometry used during training can impact generalization performance when learning expressive nonlinear model classes such as deep neural networks. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Nicholas M. Boffi , Stephen Tu , Jean-Jacques E. Slotine

Deep learning models are often considered black boxes due to their complex hierarchical transformations. Identifying suitable architectures is crucial for maximizing predictive performance with limited data. Understanding the geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Michael Wienczkowski , Addisu Desta , Paschal Ugochukwu

A recent line of work has shown that an overparametrized neural network can perfectly fit the training data, an otherwise often intractable nonconvex optimization problem. For (fully-connected) shallow networks, in the best case scenario,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Armin Eftekhari , ChaeHwan Song , Volkan Cevher

Understanding the optimization dynamics of neural networks is necessary for closing the gap between theory and practice. Stochastic first-order optimization algorithms are known to efficiently locate favorable minima in deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Charles Guille-Escuret , Hiroki Naganuma , Kilian Fatras , Ioannis Mitliagkas
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