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Imaging through scattering and random media is an outstanding problem that to date has been tackled by either measuring the medium transmission matrix or exploiting linear correlations in the transmitted speckle patterns. However,…
We analyse large deviations of time-averaged quantities in stochastic processes with long-range memory, where the dynamics at time t depends itself on the value q_t of the time-averaged quantity. First we consider the elephant random walk…
Across a large range of scales, accreting sources show remarkably similar patterns of variability, most notably the log-normality of the luminosity distribution and the linear root-mean square (rms)-flux relationship. These results are…
Turbulence is ubiquitous in the insterstellar medium and plays a major role in several processes such as the formation of dense structures and stars, the stability of molecular clouds, the amplification of magnetic fields, and the…
Nonequilibrium complex systems are often effectively described by the mixture of different dynamics on different time scales. Superstatistics, which is "statistics of statistics" with two largely separated time scales, offers a consistent…
We propose a method to calculate the large deviations of current fluctuations in a class of stochastic particle systems with history-dependent rates. Long-range temporal correlations are seen to alter the speed of the large deviation…
The fluctuation relations, which characterize irreversible processes in Nature, are among the most important results in non-equilibrium physics. In short, these relations say that it is exponentially unlikely for us to observe a…
When an isolated quantum system is driven out of equilibrium, expectation values of general observables start oscillating in time. This article reviews the general theory of such temporal fluctuations. We first survey some results on the…
Black hole binary systems can emit very bright and rapidly varying X-ray signals when material from the companion accretes onto the black hole, liberating huge amounts of gravitational potential energy. Central to this process of accretion…
In papers on primary state diffusion (Percival 1994, 1995), numerical estimates suggested that fluctuations in the space-time metric on the scale of the Planck time (10^-44s) could be detected using atom interferometers. In this paper we…
Interstellar turbulence has implications for the dispersal and mixing of the elements, cloud chemistry, cosmic ray scattering, and radio wave propagation through the ionized medium. This review discusses the observations and theory of these…
Superconducting qubits are an attractive platform for quantum computing since they have demonstrated high-fidelity quantum gates and extensibility to modest system sizes. Nonetheless, an outstanding challenge is stabilizing their…
In the article we present explicit expressions for quantum fluctuations of spacetime in the case of $(4+n)$-dimensional spacetimes, and consider their holographic properties and some implications for clocks, black holes and computation. We…
We have experimentally confirmed the presence of long-memory correlations in the wandering of a thin Gaussian laser beam over a screen after propagating through a turbulent medium. A laboratory-controlled experiment was conducted in which…
While entropy changes are the usual subject of fluctuation theorems, we seek fluctuation relations involving time-symmetric quantities, namely observables that do not change sign if the trajectories are observed backward in time. We find…
We analyze the behavior of an ensemble of inertial particles in a one-dimensional smooth Gaussian velocity field, in the limit of large inertia, but considering a finite correlation time for the random field. We derive in this limit a…
Zero point density fluctuations in a liquid and their potential observation by light scattering are discussed. It is suggested that there are two distinct effects of interest. One gives an average number of scattered photons, and depends…
Quantum fluctuations or other moments of a state contribute to energy expectation values and can imply interesting physical effects. In quantum cosmology, they turn out to be important for a discussion of density bounds and instabilities of…
In large asexual populations, multiple beneficial mutations arise in the population, compete, interfere with each other, and accumulate on the same genome, before any of them fix. The resulting dynamics, although studied by many authors, is…
Turbulent flows in three dimensions are characterized by the transport of energy from large to small scales through the energy cascade. Since the small scales are the result of the nonlinear dynamics across the scales, they are often…