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In situ and remotely sensed observations have potential to facilitate data-driven predictive models for oceanography. A suite of machine learning models, including regression, decision tree and deep learning approaches were developed to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Stefan Wolff , Fearghal O'Donncha , Bei Chen

The growing adoption of machine learning (ML) in modelling atmospheric and oceanic processes offers a promising alternative to traditional numerical methods. It is essential to benchmark the performance of both ML and physics-informed ML…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Akshay Sunil , B Deepthi , Gaurav Ganjir , Muhammed Rashid , Rahul Sreedhar , Adarsh S

Sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts help with managing the marine ecosystem and the aquaculture impacted by anthropogenic climate change. Numerical dynamical models are resource intensive for SST forecasts; machine learning (ML) models…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Ding Ning , Varvara Vetrova , Karin R. Bryan

Sea surface temperature (SST) variability plays a key role in the global weather and climate system, with phenomena such as El Ni\~{n}o-Southern Oscillation regarded as a major source of interannual climate variability at the global scale.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-02-22 John Taylor , Ming Feng

Sea surface temperature (SST) is uniquely important to the Earth's atmosphere since its dynamics are a major force in shaping local and global climate and profoundly affect our ecosystems. Accurate forecasting of SST brings significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Xiaohan Li , Gaowei Zhang , Kai Huang , Zhaofeng He

The accurate prediction of oceanographic variables is crucial for understanding climate change, managing marine resources, and optimizing maritime activities. Traditional ocean forecasting relies on numerical models; however, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Víctor Medina , Giovanny A. Cuervo-Londoño , Javier Sánchez

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an essential climate variable that can be measured via ground truth, remote sensing, or hybrid model methodologies. Here, we celebrate SST surveillance progress via the application of a few relevant…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-06-19 Albert Larson , Ali Shafqat Akanda

Accurately forecasting Arctic sea ice from subseasonal to seasonal scales has been a major scientific effort with fundamental challenges at play. In addition to physics-based earth system models, researchers have been applying multiple…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Sahara Ali , Yiyi Huang , Xin Huang , Jianwu Wang

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is crucial for understanding upper-ocean thermal dynamics and ocean-atmosphere interactions, which have profound economic and social impacts. While data-driven models show promise in SST prediction, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zheng Jiang , Wei Wang , Gaowei Zhang , Yi Wang

Traditionally, numerical models have been deployed in oceanography studies to simulate ocean dynamics by representing physical equations. However, many factors pertaining to ocean dynamics seem to be ill-defined. We argue that transferring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Yuxin Meng , Feng Gao , Eric Rigall , Ran Dong , Junyu Dong , Qian Du

The sea surface temperature (SST), a key environmental parameter, is crucial to optimizing production planning, making its accurate prediction a vital research topic. However, the inherent nonlinearity of the marine dynamic system presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yin Wang , Chunlin Gong , Xiang Wu , Hanleran Zhang

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental determinant of global climate dynamics and economic activity. Reliable projections of future SST patterns depend critically on a rigorous characterization of the underlying spatial random…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-07 Leonardo Marchesin , Alessandra Menafoglio , Piercesare Secchi

For over 40 years, remote sensing observations of the Earth's oceans have yielded global measurements of sea surface temperature (SST). With a resolution of approximately 1km, these data trace physical processes like western boundary…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 J. Xavier Prochaska , Erdong Guo , Peter C. Cornillon , Christian E. Buckingham

This letter adopts long short-term memory(LSTM) to predict sea surface temperature(SST), which is the first attempt, to our knowledge, to use recurrent neural network to solve the problem of SST prediction, and to make one week and one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Qin Zhang , Hui Wang , Junyu Dong , Guoqiang Zhong , Xin Sun

Accurate prediction of global sea surface temperature at sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescale is critical for drought and flood forecasting, as well as for improving disaster preparedness in human society. Government departments or…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Longhao Wang , Xuanze Zhang , L. Ruby Leung , Francis H. S. Chiew , Amir AghaKouchak , Kairan Ying , Yongqiang Zhang

Accurately predicting sea-surface temperature weeks to months into the future is an important step toward long term weather forecasting. Standard atmosphere-ocean coupled numerical models provide accurate sea-surface forecasts on the scale…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Julian Rice , Wenwei Xu , Andrew August

Climate change alters ocean conditions, notably temperature and sea level. In the Bay of Bengal, these changes influence monsoon precipitation and marine productivity, critical to the Indian economy. In Phase 6 of the Coupled Model…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Abhishek Pasula , Deepak N. Subramani

Sub-seasonal climate forecasting (SSF) focuses on predicting key climate variables such as temperature and precipitation in the 2-week to 2-month time scales. Skillful SSF would have immense societal value, in areas such as agricultural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Sijie He , Xinyan Li , Timothy DelSole , Pradeep Ravikumar , Arindam Banerjee

A simple and efficient Bayesian machine learning (BML) training and forecasting algorithm, which exploits only a 20-year short observational time series and an approximate prior model, is developed to predict the Ni\~no 3 sea surface…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Nan Chen , Faheem Gilani , John Harlim

Marine heatwaves (MHWs), an extreme climate phenomenon, pose significant challenges to marine ecosystems and industries, with their frequency and intensity increasing due to climate change. This study introduces an integrated deep learning…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-09 Ding Ning , Varvara Vetrova , Yun Sing Koh , Karin R. Bryan
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