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Optical frequency combs generated by multiple four-wave mixing of two stabilized single-frequency lasers in optical fibers are proposed for use as high precision frequency markers, calibration of astrophysical spectrometers and metrology.…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 Flavio C. Cruz

Optical Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) offers the potential for unprecedented angular resolution in both astronomical imaging and precision measurements. Classical approaches, however, face significant limitations due to photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Zixin Huang , Oleg Titov , Mikolaj K. Schmidt , Benjamin Pope , Gavin K. Brennen , Daniel Oi , Pieter Kok

The quality of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio observations predominantly relies on precise and ultra-stable time and frequency (T&F) standards, usually hydrogen masers (HM), maintained locally at each VLBI station. Here, we…

Optical frequency combs (OFC) provide a convenient reference for the frequency stabilization of continuous-wave lasers. We demonstrate a frequency control method relying on tracking over a wide range and stabilizing the beat note between…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-03-07 Alexander Prehn , Rosa Glöckner , Gerhard Rempe , Martin Zeppenfeld

Current optical interferometers are affected by unknown turbulent phases on each telescope. In the field of radio-interferometry, the self-calibration technique is a powerful tool to process interferometric data with missing phase…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 Serge Meimon , Laurent M. Mugnier , Guy Le Besnerais

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) are frequency rulers essential for precision metrology, next generation navigation, and testing of fundamental physics. Despite intense efforts, chip-integrated OFCs remain laboratory-bound, unable to fulfill…

We introduce a novel laser-scanning optical microscopy technique that employs optical-frequency-comb (OFC) lasers. This method facilitates multimodal spectroscopic imaging by analyzing interferograms produced via a dual-comb spectroscopic…

Since its observation in 2019, the first image of a super-massive black hole using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) with an Earth-scale baseline has generated much scientific and public interest, including the possible extension of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Eric Burt , Todd Ely , Geoff Bower , Joe Lazio , Marin Anderson , Sonia Hernandez

We describe a new method which achieves high precision Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) astrometry in observations at millimeter wavelengths. It combines fast frequency-switching observations, to correct for the dominant…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Maria J. Rioja , Richard Dodson

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) combines the signals of telescopes distributed across thousands of kilometres to provide some of the highest angular resolution images of astrophysical phenomena. Due to computational expense,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-30 Jack F. Radcliffe , J. P. McKean , C. Herbé-George , L. Coetzer , T. Matsepane

Optical frequency combs provide equidistant frequency markers in the infrared, visible and ultra-violet and can link an unknown optical frequency to a radio or microwave frequency reference. Since their inception frequency combs have…

Optical frequency combs are an essential tool for precision metrology experiments ranging in application from remote spectroscopic sensing of trace gases to the characterization and comparison of optical atomic clocks for precision…

Recently developed techniques for generating precisely equidistant optical frequencies over broad wavelength ranges are revolutionizing precision physical measurement [1-3]. These frequency "combs" are produced primarily using relatively…

Optical frequency combs, coherent light sources that connect optical frequencies with microwave oscillations, have become the enabling tool for precision spectroscopy, optical clockwork and attosecond physics over the past decades. Current…

Optics · Physics 2017-03-21 S. -W. Huang , J. Yang , M. Yu , B. H. McGuyer , D. -L. Kwong , T. Zelevinsky , C. W. Wong

In this paper we describe a new approach for mm-VLBI calibration that provides bona-fide astrometric alignment of the mm-wavelength images from a single source, for the measurement of frequency dependent effects, such as `core-shifts' near…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 Richard Dodson , María Rioja , Sol Molina , José-Luis Gómez

Continuously and widely tunable lasers actively stabilized on a frequency reference are broadly employed in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics. The frequency-stabilized optical frequency comb (OFC) provides a novel optical…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Ze-Min Shen , Xiao-Long Zhou , Dong-Yu Huang , Yu-Hao Pan , Li Li , Jian Wang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Spaceborne gravitational wave observatories, exemplified by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, are designed to remove laser noise and clock noise from interferometric phase measurements in postprocessing. The planned…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-18 Kohei Yamamoto , Hannah Tomio , Charlotte Zehnder , Kenji Numata , Holly Leopardi

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized precision measurement, time-keeping, and molecular spectroscopy. A substantial effort has developed around "microcombs": integrating comb-generating technologies into compact, reliable photonic…

The outstanding phase-noise performance of optical frequency combs has led to a revolution in optical synthesis and metrology, covering a myriad of applications, from molecular spectroscopy to laser ranging and optical communications.…

Optics · Physics 2014-03-13 Victor Torres-Company , Andrew M. Weiner

Very Long Baseline Interferometry, or VLBI, is the observing technique yielding the highest-resolution images today. Whilst a traditionally large fraction of VLBI observations is concentrating on Active Galactic Nuclei, the number of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Enno Middelberg , Uwe Bach
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