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We introduce a novel machine learning method developed for the fast simulation of calorimeter detector response, adapting vector-quantized variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE). Our model adopts a two-stage generation strategy: initially…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-08-07 Qibin Liu , Chase Shimmin , Xiulong Liu , Eli Shlizerman , Shu Li , Shih-Chieh Hsu

The physics programs of current and future collider experiments necessitate the development of surrogate simulators for calorimeter showers. While much progress has been made in the development of generative models for this task, they have…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-11-24 Thorsten Buss , Henry Day-Hall , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Katja Krüger , Anatolii Korol , Thomas Madlener , Peter McKeown

Using detailed simulations of calorimeter showers as training data, we investigate the use of deep learning algorithms for the simulation and reconstruction of particles produced in high-energy physics collisions. We train neural networks…

We introduce CaloFlow, a fast detector simulation framework based on normalizing flows. For the first time, we demonstrate that normalizing flows can reproduce many-channel calorimeter showers with extremely high fidelity, providing a fresh…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-07-12 Claudius Krause , David Shih

The demands placed on computational resources by the simulation requirements of high energy physics experiments motivate the development of novel simulation tools. Machine learning based generative models offer a solution that is both fast…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-04-03 Sascha Diefenbacher , Engin Eren , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Anatolii Korol , Katja Krüger , Peter McKeown , Lennart Rustige

In the quest to build generative surrogate models as computationally efficient alternatives to rule-based simulations, the quality of the generated samples remains a crucial frontier. So far, normalizing flows have been among the models…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-05 Thorsten Buss , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Claudius Krause , David Shih

Point clouds are rich geometric data structures, where their three dimensional structure offers an excellent domain for understanding the representation learning and generative modeling in 3D space. In this work, we aim to improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Lingjie Kong , Pankaj Rajak , Siamak Shakeri

Foundation models are multi-dataset and multi-task machine learning methods that once pre-trained can be fine-tuned for a large variety of downstream applications. The successful development of such general-purpose models for physics data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-10 Joschka Birk , Anna Hallin , Gregor Kasieczka

Data generation based on Machine Learning has become a major research topic in particle physics. This is due to the current Monte Carlo simulation approach being computationally challenging for future colliders, which will have a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-11-28 Benno Käch , Dirk Krücker , Isabell Melzer-Pellmann

Score-based generative models are a new class of generative algorithms that have been shown to produce realistic images even in high dimensional spaces, currently surpassing other state-of-the-art models for different benchmark categories…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-12-07 Vinicius Mikuni , Benjamin Nachman

With the capacity of modeling long-range dependencies in sequential data, transformers have shown remarkable performances in a variety of generative tasks such as image, audio, and text generation. Yet, taming them in generating less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-06 An-Chieh Cheng , Xueting Li , Sifei Liu , Min Sun , Ming-Hsuan Yang

We propose a novel clustering approach for point-cloud segmentation based on supervised contrastive metric learning (CML). Rather than predicting cluster assignments or object-centric variables, the method learns a latent representation in…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-03-25 Max Marriott-Clarke , Lazar Novakovic , Elizabeth Ratzer , Robert J. Bainbridge , Loukas Gouskos , Benedikt Maier

This dataset contains a detailed simulation output that allows the construction and study of different data representations for electromagnetic and hadronic showers in calorimeters. It is published so that optimal data representations can…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-09-29 Anna Zaborowska , Peter McKeown

We present the results of the "Fast Calorimeter Simulation Challenge 2022" - the CaloChallenge. We study state-of-the-art generative models on four calorimeter shower datasets of increasing dimensionality, ranging from a few hundred voxels…

Generative models have proven effective at modeling 3D shapes and their statistical variations. In this paper we investigate their application to point clouds, a 3D shape representation widely used in computer vision for which, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Roman Klokov , Edmond Boyer , Jakob Verbeek

Fast simulation of the energy depositions in high-granular detectors is needed for future collider experiments with ever-increasing luminosities. Generative machine learning (ML) models have been shown to speed up and augment the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-27 Erik Buhmann , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Anatolii Korol , William Korcari , Katja Krüger , Peter McKeown

In this paper, we provide an early look at our model for generating terrain that is occluded in the initial lidar scan or out of range of the sensor. As a proof of concept, we show that a transformer based framework is able to be overfit to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Alec Reed , Christoffer Heckman

High-resolution climate simulations are valuable for understanding climate change impacts. This has motivated use of regional convection-permitting climate models (CPMs), but these are very computationally expensive. We present a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Henry Addison , Elizabeth Kendon , Suman Ravuri , Laurence Aitchison , Peter AG Watson

In particle physics, the demand for rapid and precise simulations is rising. The shift from traditional methods to machine learning-based approaches has led to significant advancements in simulating complex detector responses. CaloShowerGAN…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-08-12 Michele Faucci Giannelli , Rui Zhang

Collider data generation with machine learning has become increasingly popular in particle physics due to the high computational cost of conventional Monte Carlo simulations, particularly for future high-luminosity colliders. We propose a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-08-12 Benno Käch , Isabell Melzer-Pellmann , Dirk Krücker