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We present the first large-scale, cross-domain evaluation of document chunking strategies for dense retrieval, addressing a critical but underexplored aspect of retrieval-augmented systems. In our study, 36 segmentation methods spanning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muhammad Arslan Shaukat , Muntasir Adnan , Carlos C. N. Kuhn

Document chunking is a critical preprocessing step in dense retrieval systems, yet the design space of chunking strategies remains poorly understood. Recent research has proposed several concurrent approaches, including LLM-guided methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yongjie Zhou , Shuai Wang , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Importance of document clustering is now widely acknowledged by researchers for better management, smart navigation, efficient filtering, and concise summarization of large collection of documents like World Wide Web (WWW). The next…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-12-30 Muhammad Rafi , M. Shahid Shaikh , Amir Farooq

Chunking has emerged as a critical technique that enhances generative models by grounding their responses in efficiently segmented knowledge [1]. While initially developed for unimodal (primarily textual) domains, recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shashanka B R , Mohith Charan R , Seema Banu F

Text clustering serves as a fundamental technique for organizing and interpreting unstructured textual data, particularly in contexts where manual annotation is prohibitively costly. With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Chen Huang , Guoxiu He

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for boosting large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks, it often overlooks the crucial aspect of text chunking within its workflow. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jihao Zhao , Zhiyuan Ji , Yuchen Feng , Pengnian Qi , Simin Niu , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

In this paper, we propose an alternative to deep neural networks for semantic information retrieval for the case of long documents. This new approach exploiting clustering techniques to take into account the meaning of words in Information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Paul Mbathe Mekontchou , Armel Fotsoh , Bernabe Batchakui , Eddy Ella

In Natural Language Processing (NLP), predicting linguistic structures, such as parsing and chunking, has mostly relied on manual annotations of syntactic structures. This paper introduces an unsupervised approach to chunking, a syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zijun Wu , Anup Anand Deshmukh , Yongkang Wu , Jimmy Lin , Lili Mou

Current language understanding approaches focus on small documents, such as newswire articles, blog posts, product reviews and discussion forum entries. Understanding and extracting information from large documents like legal briefs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Tim Finin

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to accurately read and comprehend extremely long texts. Current methods for improvement typically rely on splitting long contexts into fixed-length chunks. However, fixed truncation risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Boheng Sheng , Jiacheng Yao , Meicong Zhang , Guoxiu He

Document clustering is an unsupervised approach in which a large collection of documents (corpus) is subdivided into smaller, meaningful, identifiable, and verifiable sub-groups (clusters). Meaningful representation of documents and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-12-08 Muhammad Rafi , Farnaz Amin , Mohammad Shahid Shaikh

Many use cases require retrieving smaller portions of text, and dense vector-based retrieval systems often perform better with shorter text segments, as the semantics are less likely to be over-compressed in the embeddings. Consequently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Michael Günther , Isabelle Mohr , Daniel James Williams , Bo Wang , Han Xiao

Many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, such as shallow parsing (i.e., text chunking) and semantic slot filling, require the assignment of representative labels to the meaningful chunks in a sentence. Most of the current deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Feifei Zhai , Saloni Potdar , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou

Text segmentation aims to divide text into contiguous, semantically coherent segments, while segment labeling deals with producing labels for each segment. Past work has shown success in tackling segmentation and labeling for documents and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Hakan Inan , Rashi Rungta , Yashar Mehdad

Compounding is a highly productive word-formation process in some languages that is often problematic for natural language processing applications. In this paper, we investigate whether distributional semantics in the form of word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-09-16 Joachim Daiber , Lautaro Quiroz , Roger Wechsler , Stella Frank

The rapid expansion of information from diverse sources has heightened the need for effective automatic text summarization, which condenses documents into shorter, coherent texts. Summarization methods generally fall into two categories:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Aziz Amari , Mohamed Achref Ben Ammar

In text analysis, Spherical K-means (SKM) is a specialized k-means clustering algorithm widely utilized for grouping documents represented in high-dimensional, sparse term-document matrices, often normalized using techniques like TF-IDF.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-25 Ilaria Bombelli , Domenica Fioredistella Iezzi , Emiliano Seri , Maurizio Vichi

We present a framework to analyze color documents of complex layout. In addition, no assumption is made on the layout. Our framework combines in a content-driven bottom-up approach two different sources of information: textual and spatial.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Marco Aiello , Christof Monz , Leon Todoran

Long-document topic segmentation plays an important role in information retrieval and document understanding, yet existing methods still show clear shortcomings in ultra-long text settings. Traditional discriminative models are constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kaifeng Wu , Junyan Wu , Qiang Liu , Jiarui Zhang , Wen Xu

The growing complexity of legal cases has lead to an increasing interest in legal information retrieval systems that can effectively satisfy user-specific information needs. However, such downstream systems typically require documents to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Dennis Aumiller , Satya Almasian , Sebastian Lackner , Michael Gertz
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