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Machine learning (ML) models, demonstrably powerful, suffer from a lack of interpretability. The absence of transparency, often referred to as the black box nature of ML models, undermines trust and urges the need for efforts to enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Fatima Ezzeddine

Network analysis and machine learning techniques have been widely applied for building malware detection systems. Though these systems attain impressive results, they often are $(i)$ not extensible, being monolithic, well tuned for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Yashovardhan Sharma , Simon Birnbach , Ivan Martinovic

As the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks are bringing about global societal benefits, the design phase for the 6th Generation (6G) has started. 6G will need to enable greater levels of autonomy, improve human machine interfacing, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-21 Weisi Guo

The popularity of 5G networks poses a huge challenge for malicious traffic detection technology. The reason for this is that as the use of 5G technology increases, so does the risk of malicious traffic activity on 5G networks. Malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Zihao Wang , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can help foster trust in and acceptance of intelligent and autonomous systems. Moreover, understanding the motivation for an agent's behavior results in better and more successful collaborations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Tom Weber , Stefan Wermter

Last years have been characterized by an upsurge of opaque automatic decision support systems, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Although they have great generalization and prediction skills, their functioning does not allow obtaining…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide insights into the decision-making process of AI models, allowing users to understand their results beyond their decisions. A significant goal of XAI is to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Andrea Apicella , Luca Di Lorenzo , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete

With the growth in digital transformation and Internet usage, the Social Engineering techniques such as Phishing have become a major concern for the users and the organizations. Phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikhil Kumar Dora , Sumit Kumar Tetarave , Rishikesh Sahay , Madhusudan Singh , Xiaoqing Li

With the advances in artificial intelligence (AI), data-driven algorithms are becoming increasingly popular in the medical domain. However, due to the nonlinear and complex behavior of many of these algorithms, decision-making by such…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-18 Amirehsan Ghasemi , Soheil Hashtarkhani , David L Schwartz , Arash Shaban-Nejad

In recent years, there has been a significant surge in malware attacks, necessitating more advanced preventive measures and remedial strategies. While several successful AI-based malware classification approaches exist categorized into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Quincy Card , Daniel Simpson , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Sheikh Rabiul Islam

This article examines the application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in NLP based fake news detection and compares selected interpretability methods. The work outlines key aspects of disinformation, neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Krzysztof Siwek , Daniel Stankowski , Maciej Stodolski

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has continued to achieve tremendous success in recent times. However, the decision logic of these frameworks is often not transparent, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand, interpret or explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Fuseini Mumuni , Alhassan Mumuni

Traffic classification is vital for cybersecurity, yet encrypted traffic poses significant challenges. We present PacketCLIP, a multi-modal framework combining packet data with natural language semantics through contrastive pretraining and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Ryozo Masukawa , Sanggeon Yun , Sungheon Jeong , Wenjun Huang , Yang Ni , Ian Bryant , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Mohsen Imani

Nowadays, large-scale foundation models are being increasingly integrated into numerous safety-critical applications, including human-autonomy teaming (HAT) within transportation, medical, and defence domains. Consequently, the inherent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Xiangqi Kong , Yang Xing , Antonios Tsourdos , Ziyue Wang , Weisi Guo , Adolfo Perrusquia , Andreas Wikander

Given the complexity and lack of transparency in deep neural networks (DNNs), extensive efforts have been made to make these systems more interpretable or explain their behaviors in accessible terms. Unlike most reviews, which focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haoyi Xiong , Xuhong Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Jiamin Chen , Xinhao Sun , Yuchen Li , Zeyi Sun , Mengnan Du

Financial cybercrime prevention is an increasing issue with many organisations and governments. As deep learning models have progressed to identify illicit activity on various financial and social networks, the explainability behind the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jack Nicholls , Aditya Kuppa , Nhien-An Le-Khac

Industry 5.0, which focuses on human and Artificial Intelligence (AI) collaboration for performing different tasks in manufacturing, involves a higher number of robots, Internet of Things (IoTs) devices and interconnections,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Naseem Khan , Kashif Ahmad , Aref Al Tamimi , Mohammed M. Alani , Amine Bermak , Issa Khalil

With the increasing prevalence of encrypted network traffic, cyber security analysts have been turning to machine learning (ML) techniques to elucidate the traffic on their networks. However, ML models can become stale as new traffic…

Research into 6G networks has been initiated to support a variety of critical artificial intelligence (AI) assisted applications such as autonomous driving. In such applications, AI-based decisions should be performed in a real-time manner.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

Research and development of techniques which detect or remediate malicious network activity require access to diverse, realistic, contemporary data sets containing labeled malicious connections. In the absence of such data, said techniques…