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We study the equilibrating effects of the boundary and intermolecular collision in the kinetic theory for rarefied gases. We consider the Maxwell-type boundary condition, which has weaker equilibrating effect than the commonly studied…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 Hung-Wen Kuo

A system of fluid-dynamic-type equations and their boundary conditions derived from a system of the Boltzmann equation is of great importance in kinetic theory when we are concerned with the motion of a slightly rarefied gas. It offers an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-11-04 Satoshi Taguchi , Tetsuro Tsuji

The Boltzmann equation for $d$-dimensional inelastic Maxwell models is considered to determine the collisional moments of second, third and fourth degree in a granular binary mixture. These collisional moments are exactly evaluated in terms…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-08 Constantino Sánchez Romero , Vicente Garzó

In this work, a steady discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (SDUGKS) is proposed to solve the steady radiative transfer equation (RTE), which is an improvement of the original SDUGKS [X. F. Zhou et al., J. Comput. Phys. 423, 109767 (2020)].…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-11-22 Xinliang Song , Yue Zhang , Xiafeng Zhou , Chuang Zhang , Zhaoli Guo

In this work we introduce the concept of characteristic boundary conditions (CBCs) within the framework of Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods, including both the Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions (NSCBCs) and a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Jan Ellmenreich , Matteo Giacomini , Antonio Huerta , Philip L. Lederer

The gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) provides high computational efficiency and accuracy for continuum flow simulations but is unable to reliably capture rarefaction effects. In contrast, although the discrete velocity method (DVM) is better suited…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-08 Hangkong Wu , Yuze Zhu , Yajun Zhu , Kun Xu

An implicit scheme for steady state solutions of diatomic gas flow is presented. The method solves the Rykov model equation in the finite volume discrete velocity method (DVM) framework, in which the translational and rotational degrees of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-11-01 Ruifeng Yuan , Chengwen Zhong

A unified gas kinetic scheme (UGKS) for multi-scale and multi-component plasma transport is constructed. The current scheme is a direct modeling method, where the time evolution solutions from the Vlasov-BGK equations of electron and ion…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-12-21 Chang Liu , Kun Xu

To extend the discrete velocity method (DVM) and unified methods to more realistic boundary conditions, a Cercignani-Lampis (CL) boundary with different momentum and thermal energy accommodations is proposed and integrated into the DVM…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-04-07 Jianfeng Chen , Sha Liu , Rui Zhang , Hao Jin , Congshan Zhuo , Ming Fang , Yanguang Yang , Chengwen Zhong

Modeling rarefied hypersonic flows remains a fundamental challenge due to the breakdown of classical continuum assumptions in the transition-continuum regime, where the Knudsen number ranges from approximately 0.1 to 10. Conventional…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-03 Ashish S. Nair , Narendra Singh , Marco Panesi , Justin Sirignano , Jonathan F. MacArt

Particle-based methods are a practical tool in computational fluid dynamics, and novel types of methods have been proposed. However, widely developed Lagrangian-type formulations suffer from the nonuniform distribution of particles, which…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-26 Takeharu Matsuda , Satoshi Ii

Fluid dynamic equations are valid in their respective modeling scales. With a variation of the modeling scales, theoretically there should have a continuous spectrum of fluid dynamic equations. In order to study multiscale flow evolution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-12-21 Chang Liu , Kun Xu , Quanhua Sun , Qingdong Cai

In this paper, a unified gas-kinetic wave-particle scheme (UGKWP) for the disperse dilute gas-particle multiphase flow is proposed. The gas phase is always in the hydrodynamic regime. However, the particle phase covers different flow…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Xiaojian Yang , Chang Liu , Xing Ji , Wei Shyy , Kun Xu

In this paper, we construct and analyze a multiscale (finite element) method for parabolic problems with heterogeneous dynamic boundary conditions. As origin, we consider a reformulation of the system in order to decouple the discretization…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-16 Robert Altmann , Barbara Verfürth

It is very common with molecular dynamics and other simulation techniques to apply Lees-Edwards periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) for the simulation of shear flow. However the behavior of a complex liquid can be quite different under…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-10-16 Thomas A. Hunt

Heat-flux boundary conditions are challenging to implement efficiently in rarefied gas flow simulations because the wall-reflected gas temperature and density must be determined dynamically during the computation. This paper aims to tackle…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yanbing Zhang , Ruifeng Yuan , Liyan Luo , Lei Wu

The aim of this paper is twofold: the first is to formulate and validate a multi-scale discrete Boltzmann method (DBM) based on density functional kinetic theory for thermal multiphase flow systems, ranging from continuum to transition flow…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-11-08 Yanbiao Gan , Aiguo Xu , Huilin Lai , Wei Li , Guanglan Sun , Sauro Succi

In this paper, the unified gas-kinetic wave-particle (UGKWP) method is further developed for diatomic gas with the energy exchange between translational and rotational modes for flow study in all regimes. The multiscale transport mechanism…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Xiaocong Xu , Yipei Chen , Chang Liu , Zhihui Li , Kun Xu

The Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model of the Boltzmann equation allows for efficient flow simulations, especially in the transition regime between continuum and high rarefaction. However, ensuring efficient performances for multiscale…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-05-09 Félix Garmirian , Marcel Pfeiffer

The discrete effect on the boundary condition has been a fundamental topic for the lattice Boltzmann method in simulating heat and mass transfer problems. In previous works based on the halfway anti-bounce-back (ABB) boundary condition for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Liang Wang , Xuhui Meng , Hao-Chi Wu , Tian-Hu Wang , Gui Lu