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The increasing use of neural networks in various applications has lead to increasing apprehensions, underscoring the necessity to understand their operations beyond mere final predictions. As a solution to enhance model transparency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ivaxi Sheth , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Cross-lingual cross-modal retrieval has garnered increasing attention recently, which aims to achieve the alignment between vision and target language (V-T) without using any annotated V-T data pairs. Current methods employ machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yabing Wang , Fan Wang , Jianfeng Dong , Hao Luo

Concept bottleneck models have been successfully used for explainable machine learning by encoding information within the model with a set of human-defined concepts. In the context of human-assisted or autonomous driving, explainability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Jessica Echterhoff , An Yan , Kyungtae Han , Amr Abdelraouf , Rohit Gupta , Julian McAuley

Concept bottleneck models (CBM) aim to improve model interpretability by predicting human level "concepts" in a bottleneck within a deep learning model architecture. However, how the predicted concepts are used in predicting the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Matthew Shen , Aliyah Hsu , Abhineet Agarwal , Bin Yu

Tremendous progress has been made in recent years in developing better image captioning models, yet most of them rely on a separate object detector to extract regional features. Recent vision-language studies are shifting towards the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Zhiyuan Fang , Jianfeng Wang , Xiaowei Hu , Lin Liang , Zhe Gan , Lijuan Wang , Yezhou Yang , Zicheng Liu

Recent unified models integrate multimodal understanding and generation within a single framework. However, an "understanding-generation gap" persists, where models can capture user intent but often fail to translate this semantic knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Qingyang Liu , Bingjie Gao , Canmiao Fu , Zhipeng Huang , Chen Li , Feng Wang , Shuochen Chang , Shaobo Wang , Yali Wang , Keming Ye , Jiangtong Li , Li Niu

Personalized models have demonstrated remarkable success in understanding and generating concepts provided by users. However, existing methods use separate concept tokens for understanding and generation, treating these tasks in isolation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruichuan An , Sihan Yang , Renrui Zhang , Zijun Shen , Ming Lu , Gaole Dai , Hao Liang , Ziyu Guo , Shilin Yan , Yulin Luo , Bocheng Zou , Chaoqun Yang , Wentao Zhang

Transparency is a paramount concern in the medical field, prompting researchers to delve into the realm of explainable AI (XAI). Among these XAI methods, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to restrict the model's latent space to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Lijie Hu , Songning Lai , Yuan Hua , Shu Yang , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang

In this paper, we introduce an explainable algorithm designed from a multi-modal foundation model, that performs fast and explainable image classification. Drawing inspiration from CLIP-based Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), our method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Rémi Kazmierczak , Eloïse Berthier , Goran Frehse , Gianni Franchi

We do not speak word by word from scratch; our brain quickly structures a pattern like \textsc{sth do sth at someplace} and then fill in the detailed descriptions. To render existing encoder-decoder image captioners such human-like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Xu Yang , Hanwang Zhang , Jianfei Cai

There is growing interest in concept-based models (CBMs) that combine high-performance and interpretability by acquiring and reasoning with a vocabulary of high-level concepts. A key requirement is that the concepts be interpretable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Emanuele Marconato , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso

The task of identifying multimodal image-text representations has garnered increasing attention, particularly with models such as CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining), which demonstrate exceptional performance in learning complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Zhiyu Zhu , Zhibo Jin , Jiayu Zhang , Nan Yang , Jiahao Huang , Jianlong Zhou , Fang Chen

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, they often fail on tasks that require fine-grained visual perception, even when the required information is still present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Haz Sameen Shahgir , Xiaofu Chen , Yu Fu , Erfan Shayegani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Yue Dong

Concept bottleneck models are interpretable predictive models that are often used in domains where model trust is a key priority, such as healthcare. They identify a small number of human-interpretable concepts in the data, which they then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Katrina Brown , Marton Havasi , Finale Doshi-Velez

The creation of high-quality human-labeled image-caption datasets presents a significant bottleneck in the development of Visual-Language Models (VLMs). In this work, we investigate an approach that leverages the strengths of Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Sahand Sharifzadeh , Christos Kaplanis , Shreya Pathak , Dharshan Kumaran , Anastasija Ilic , Jovana Mitrovic , Charles Blundell , Andrea Banino

The ability to construct mental models of the world is a central aspect of understanding. Similarly, visual understanding can be viewed as the ability to construct a representative model of the system depicted in an image. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sagi Eppel

Our understanding of the visual world is centered around various concept axes, characterizing different aspects of visual entities. While different concept axes can be easily specified by language, e.g. color, the exact visual nuances along…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Sharon Lee , Yunzhi Zhang , Shangzhe Wu , Jiajun Wu

With growing demand for interpretability in deep learning, especially in high stakes domains, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) address this by inserting human understandable concepts into the prediction pipeline, but they are generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiakai Lin , Jinchang Zhang , Guoyu Lu

Achieving deep alignment between vision and language remains a central challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). These models often fail to fully leverage visual input, defaulting to strong language priors. Our approach first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Aarti Ghatkesar , Ganesh Venkatesh

Large Language Models (LLMs), benefiting from the auto-regressive modelling approach performed on massive unannotated texts corpora, demonstrates powerful perceptual and reasoning capabilities. However, as for extending auto-regressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Tianshuo Peng , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao , Ping Wang , Bo Du