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There are several opinion dynamics models where extremism is defined as part of their characteristics. However, the way extremism is implemented in each model does not correspond to equivalent definitions. While some models focus on one…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-01 André C. R. Martins

Extremist communities increasingly rely on social media to sustain and amplify divisive discourse. However, the relationship between their internal participation structures, audience engagement, and narrative expression remains…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Rr. Nefriana , Muheng Yan , Rebecca Hwa , Yu-Ru Lin

Increasing levels of far-right extremist violence have generated public concern about the spread of radicalization in the United States. Previous research suggests that radicalized individuals are destabilized by various environmental (or…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-10 Mason Youngblood

Racism and intolerance on social media contribute to a toxic online environment which may spill offline to foster hatred, and eventually lead to physical violence. That is the case with online antisemitism, the specific category of hatred…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Raza Ul Mustafa , Nathalie Japkowicz

The rapid spread of radical ideologies in recent years has led to a worldwide string of terrorist attacks. Understanding how extremist tendencies germinate, develop, and drive individuals to action is important from a cultural standpoint,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-03 Yao-li Chuang , Maria R. D'Orsogna

Extremism research has grown as an open problem for several countries during recent years, especially due to the apparition of movements such as jihadism. This and other extremist groups have taken advantage of different approaches, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Javier Torregrosa , Gema Bello-Orgaz , Eugenio Martinez-Camara , Javier Del Ser , David Camacho

Online discussions are often characterized by strong behavioral asymmetries: a relatively small fraction of users actively produces content, while the majority primarily consumes and redistributes it. Here we propose a community-detection…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Stefano Guarino , Ayoub Mounim , Guido Caldarelli , Fabio Saracco

We introduce ExtremeBB, a textual database of over 53.5M posts made by 38.5k users on 12 extremist bulletin board forums promoting online hate, harassment, the manosphere and other forms of extremism. It enables large-scale analyses of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Anh V. Vu , Lydia Wilson , Yi Ting Chua , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson

Society faces a fundamental global problem of understanding which individuals are currently developing strong support for some extremist entity such as ISIS (Islamic State) -- even if they never end up doing anything in the real world. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-06-07 Z. Cao , M. Zheng , Y. Vorobyeva , C. Song , N. F. Johnson

In (Deffuant et al., 2002), we proposed a simple model of opinion dynamics, which we used to simulate the influence of extremists in a population. Simulations were run without any specific interaction structure and varying the simulation…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-24 F. Amblard , G. Deffuant

The rapid growth of social media in recent years has fed into some highly undesirable phenomena such as proliferation of abusive and offensive language on the Internet. Previous research suggests that such hateful content tends to come from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Pushkar Mishra , Marco Del Tredici , Helen Yannakoudakis , Ekaterina Shutova

Social media is a modern person's digital voice to project and engage with new ideas and mobilise communities $\unicode{x2013}$ a power shared with extremists. Given the societal risks of unvetted content-moderating algorithms for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jarod Govers , Philip Feldman , Aaron Dant , Panos Patros

Understanding the emergence of extreme opinions and in what kind of environment they might become less extreme is a central theme in our modern globalized society. A model combining continuous opinions and observed discrete actions (CODA)…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-10-09 André C. R. Martins

The algorithms and the interactions facilitated by online platforms have been used by radical groups to recruit vulnerable individuals to their cause. This has resulted in the sharp growth of violent events and deteriorating online…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Hussam Habib , Padmini Srinivasan , Rishab Nithyanand

The 'out of the blue' nature of recent terror attacks and the diversity of apparent motives, highlight the importance of understanding the online trajectories that individuals follow prior to developing high levels of extremist support.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-04 Z. Cao , M. Zheng , Y. Vorobyeva , C. Song , N. F. Johnson

This study explores the dynamic relationship between online discourse, as observed in tweets, and physical hate crimes, focusing on marginalized groups. Leveraging natural language processing techniques, including keyword extraction and…

Online extremist communities operate within a wider information ecosystem shaped by real-world events, news coverage, and cross-community interaction. We adopt a systems perspective to examine these influences using seven years of data from…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Christine de Kock , Eduard Hovy

In this work, we present a novel quantification of conflict in online discussion. Unlike previous studies on conflict dynamics, which model conflict as a binary phenomenon, our measure is continuous-valued, which we validate with manually…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Subhabrata Dutta , Gunkirat Kaur , Shreyans Mongia , Arpan Mukherjee , Diankar Das , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The confluence of technological and societal advances is changing the nature of global terrorism. For example, engagement with Web, social media, and smart devices has the potential to affect the mental behavior of the individuals and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Vahid Moraveji Hashemi

The proliferation of abusive language in online communications has posed significant risks to the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities. The growing concern regarding online abuse and its consequences necessitates methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Samaneh Hosseini Moghaddam , Kelly Lyons , Cheryl Regehr , Vivek Goel , Kaitlyn Regehr