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Machine learning (ML) is playing an increasingly important role in rendering decisions that affect a broad range of groups in society. ML models inform decisions in criminal justice, the extension of credit in banking, and the hiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Damien Dablain , Bartosz Krawczyk , Nitesh Chawla

Traditional approaches to ensure group fairness in algorithmic decision making aim to equalize ``total'' error rates for different subgroups in the population. In contrast, we argue that the fairness approaches should instead focus only on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Junaid Ali , Preethi Lahoti , Krishna P. Gummadi

As artificial intelligence plays an increasingly substantial role in decisions affecting humans and society, the accountability of automated decision systems has been receiving increasing attention from researchers and practitioners.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Furkan Gursoy , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Variance in predictions across different trained models is a significant, under-explored source of error in fair binary classification. In practice, the variance on some data examples is so large that decisions can be effectively arbitrary.…

Data-driven predictive models are increasingly used in education to support students, instructors, and administrators. However, there are concerns about the fairness of the predictions and uses of these algorithmic systems. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-13 René F. Kizilcec , Hansol Lee

The Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) is a crucial metric for machine learning, which evaluates the average performance over all possible True Positive Rates (TPRs) and False Positive Rates (FPRs). Based on the knowledge that a skillful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Zhiyong Yang , Qianqian Xu , Shilong Bao , Yuan He , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Class-level evaluation can conceal substantial performance disparities across subconcepts within the same class, causing models that perform well on average to fail on specific subpopulations. Prior work has shown that common evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Taylor Maxson , Roberto Corizzo , Yaning Wu , Nathalie Japkowicz , Colin Bellinger

In machine learning, a bias occurs whenever training sets are not representative for the test data, which results in unreliable models. The most common biases in data are arguably class imbalance and covariate shift. In this work, we aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Patrick Glauner , Radu State , Petko Valtchev , Diogo Duarte

Imbalanced domain learning aims to produce accurate models in predicting instances that, though underrepresented, are of utmost importance for the domain. Research in this field has been mainly focused on classification tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Aníbal Silva , Rita P. Ribeiro , Nuno Moniz

Machine learning systems based on minimizing average error have been shown to perform inconsistently across notable subsets of the data, which is not exposed by a low average error for the entire dataset. In consequential social and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Agnieszka Słowik , Léon Bottou

A common problem in numerous research areas, particularly in clinical trials, is to test whether the effect of an explanatory variable on an outcome variable is equivalent across different groups. In practice, these tests are frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-03 Niklas Hagemann , Kathrin Möllenhoff

Area under the ROC curve, a.k.a. AUC, is a measure of choice for assessing the performance of a classifier for imbalanced data. AUC maximization refers to a learning paradigm that learns a predictive model by directly maximizing its AUC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Tianbao Yang , Yiming Ying

Ranking samples by fine-grained estimates of spuriosity (the degree to which spurious cues are present) has recently been shown to significantly benefit bias mitigation, over the traditional binary biased-\textit{vs}-unbiased partitioning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Adarsh Kappiyath , Abhra Chaudhuri , Ajay Jaiswal , Ziquan Liu , Yunpeng Li , Xiatian Zhu , Lu Yin

Neural network models have become the leading solution for a large variety of tasks, such as classification, language processing, protein folding, and others. However, their reliability is heavily plagued by adversarial inputs: small input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Natan Levy , Guy Katz

The Area Under the the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve, referred to as AUC, is a well-known performance measure in the supervised learning domain. Due to its compelling features, it has been employed in a number of studies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Pablo Andretta Jaskowiak , Ivan Gesteira Costa , Ricardo José Gabrielli Barreto Campello

Selecting an evaluation metric is fundamental to model development, but uncertainty remains about when certain metrics are preferable and why. This paper introduces the concept of *resolving power* to describe the ability of an evaluation…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-07 Colin S. Beam

The increasing impact of algorithmic decisions on people's lives compels us to scrutinize their fairness and, in particular, the disparate impacts that ostensibly-color-blind algorithms can have on different groups. Examples include credit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao , Angela Zhou

Credit scoring has been catalogued by the European Commission and the Executive Office of the US President as a high-risk classification task, a key concern being the potential harms of making loan approval decisions based on models that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Pablo Casas , Christophe Mues , Huan Yu

Growing use of machine learning in policy and social impact settings have raised concerns for fairness implications, especially for racial minorities. These concerns have generated considerable interest among machine learning and artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Kit T. Rodolfa , Hemank Lamba , Rayid Ghani

The theory of boosting provides a computational framework for aggregating approximate weak learning algorithms, which perform marginally better than a random predictor, into an accurate strong learner. In the realizable case, the success of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Udaya Ghai , Karan Singh