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These are pedagogical lecture notes on hydrodynamic fluctuations in normal relativistic fluids. The lectures discuss correlation functions of conserved densities in thermal equilibrium, interactions of the hydrodynamic modes, an effective…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Pavel Kovtun

The postulational basis of classical thermodynamics has been expanded to incorporate equilibrium fluctuations. The main additional elements of the proposed thermodynamic theory are the concept of quasi-equilibrium states, a definition of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-11 Y. Mishin

We extend the definition of non-adiabatic entropy production given for Markovian systems in [M. Esposito and C. Van den Broeck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 090601, (2010)], to arbitrary non-Markov ergodic dynamics. We also introduce a notion of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-09-14 Reinaldo García-García

We present fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities for generalized thermodynamic observables and quantum dynamics described by completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps, with and without feedback control. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 Tameem Albash , Daniel A. Lidar , Milad Marvian , Paolo Zanardi

The Boltzmann distribution for an equilibrium system constrains the statistics of the system by the energetics. Despite the non-equilibrium generalization of the Boltzmann distribution being studied extensively, a unified framework valid…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-05 Atul Tanaji Mohite , Heiko Rieger

Hydrodynamics provides a concise but powerful description of long-time and long-distance physics of correlated systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium. Here we construct hydrodynamic equations for nonrelativistic particles with a…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-12-27 Keisuke Fujii , Yusuke Nishida

Within the Rayleigh-Helmholtz model of active Brownian particles activity is due to a non-linear velocity dependent force. In the presence of an external trapping potential or a constant force, the steady state of the system breaks detailed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-19 Debasish Chaudhuri

The stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for the description of systems that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is based on the assumption that the elementary constituents are acted by random forces that generate a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-26 Mário J. de Oliveira

We provide a complete derivation of hydrodynamic equations for nonrelativistic systems based on quantum field theories of spinless Schr\"odeinger fields, assuming that an initial density operator takes a special form of the local Gibbs…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-07 Masaru Hongo

Thermodynamics is usually formulated on the presumption that the observer has complete information about the system he/she deals with: no parasitic current, exact evaluation of the forces that drive the system. For example, the acclaimed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-12-15 Matteo Polettini , Massimiliano Esposito

Maintained by environmental fluxes, biological systems are thermodynamic processes that operate far from equilibrium without detailed-balance dynamics. Yet, they often exhibit well defined nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs). More…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-02 P. M. Riechers , J. P. Crutchfield

We consider non-equilibrium evolution of non-Gaussian fluctuations within relativistic hydrodynamics relevant for the QCD critical point search in heavy-ion collision experiments. We rely on the hierarchy of relaxation time scales, which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-27 Xin An , Gokce Basar , Mikhail Stephanov , Ho-Ung Yee

Using the recently developed ``Maximum Entropy'' (or ``least biased'') distribution function to truncate the moment hierarchy arising from kinetic theory, we formulate a far-from-equilibrium macroscopic theory that provides the possibility…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-03 Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Ulrich Heinz , Thomas Schaefer

Formalism to calculate the hydrodynamic fluctuations by applying the Onsager theory to the relativistic Navier-Stokes equation is already known. In this work, we calculate hydrodynamic-fluctuations within the framework of the second order…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-09-16 Avdhesh Kumar , Jitesh R. Bhatt , Ananta P. Mishra

This work brings together Keldysh non-equilibrium quantum theory and thermodynamics, by showing that a real-time diagrammatic technique is an equivalent of stochastic thermodynamics for non-Markovian quantum machines (heat engines,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Robert S. Whitney

Fluctuation theorems allow one to make generalised statements about the behaviour of thermodynamic quantities in systems that are driven far from thermal equilibrium. In this article we use Crooks' fluctuation theorem to understand the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 M. J. Kewming , S. Shrapnel

It will be shown, how the Boltzmannian ideas on statistical physics can be naturally applied to nonequilibrium thermodynamics. A similar approach for treating nonequilibrium phenomena has been successfully used by Einstein and Smoluchowski…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. Pietsch

The relativistic theory of hydrodynamic fluctuations, or noise, is derived and applied to high energy heavy ion collisions. These fluctuations are inherent in any space-time varying system and are in addition to initial state fluctuations.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-01-18 Joseph Kapusta , Berndt Mueller , Misha Stephanov

We derive the hydrodynamic equations of perfect fluids without boost invariance [1] from kinetic theory. Our approach is to follow the standard derivation of the Vlasov hierarchy based on an a-priori unknown collision functional satisfying…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-01 Kevin T. Grosvenor , Niels A. Obers , Subodh P. Patil

Fluctuating entropy production is studied for a set of linearly coupled complex fields. The general result is applied to non-equilibrium fluctuating hydrodynamic equations for coarse-grained fields (density, temperature and velocity), in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-07-09 Giacomo Gradenigo , Andrea Puglisi , Alessandro Sarracino
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