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Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ)-based true-random number generators (RNG) can consume orders of magnitude less energy per bit than CMOS pseudo-RNG. Here, we numerically investigate with a macrospin Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert…

High-quality random numbers are very critical to many fields such as cryptography, finance, and scientific simulation, which calls for the design of reliable true random number generators (TRNGs). Limited by entropy source, throughput,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Siqing Fu , Tiejun Li , Chunyuan Zhang , Hanqing Li , Sheng Ma , Jianmin Zhang , Ruiyi Zhang , Lizhou Wu

Many recent approximation algorithms for different variants of the traveling salesman problem (asymmetric TSP, graph TSP, s-t-path TSP) exploit the well-known fact that a solution of the natural linear programming relaxation can be written…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-01-06 Jens Vygen

The genetic algorithm includes some parameters that should be adjusted, so as to get reliable results. Choosing a representation of the problem addressed, an initial population, a method of selection, a crossover operator, mutation…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-03-15 Otman Abdoun , Jaafar Abouchabaka , Chakir Tajani

The Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem with a host of applications. It is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) where the set of cities is partitioned into…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-02-15 Daniel Karapetyan , Gregory Gutin

The Moving Target Traveling Salesman Problem (MT-TSP) seeks a trajectory that intercepts several moving targets, within a particular time window for each target. When generic nonlinear target trajectories or kinematic constraints on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Anoop Bhat , Geordan Gutow , Bhaskar Vundurthy , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

In order to deal with the high development time of exact and approximation algorithms for NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems and the high running time of exact solvers, deep learning techniques have been used in recent years as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 James Fitzpatrick , Deepak Ajwani , Paula Carroll

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a popular NP-hard-combinatorial optimization problem that requires finding the optimal way for a salesman to travel through different cities once and return to the initial city. The existing methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Kapil Goswami , Gagan Anekonda Veereshi , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

Optimal transport (OT) distances are finding evermore applications in machine learning and computer vision, but their wide spread use in larger-scale problems is impeded by their high computational cost. In this work we develop a family of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-06 Brahim Khalil Abid , Robert M. Gower

Motivated by the tactical planning level of demand adaptive public transportation systems, we present the stochastic symmetric traveling salesman problem with generalized latency (STSP-GL), a stochastic extension to the symmetric traveling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Benedikt Lienkamp , Mike Hewitt , Maximilian Schiffer

The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimization problem that captures the interplay between routing and packing decisions by combining the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and the Knapsack Problem (KP). The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Heiko Röglin

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which are the fundamental building blocks of spintronic devices, have been used to build true random number generators (TRNGs) with different trade-offs between throughput, power, and area requirements.…

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most famous optimization problems. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of metaheuristics that have been applied to TSP. The Crossover and mutation operators are two important elements of GA.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Hassan Ismkhan , Kamran Zamanifar

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically NP-hard, and thus very challenging to solve. In this paper, we present the random key cuckoo search (RKCS) algorithm for solving the famous Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We used a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Aziz Ouaarab , B. Ahiod , Xin-She Yang

Sparse representation of a single measurement vector (SMV) has been explored in a variety of compressive sensing applications. Recently, SMV models have been extended to solve multiple measurement vectors (MMV) problems, where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Jing Qin , Shuang Li , Deanna Needell , Anna Ma , Rachel Grotheer , Chenxi Huang , Natalie Durgin

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a prototypical combinatorial optimization problem, but its quantum implementation is limited by the O(n^2)-qubit overhead of standard one-hot encodings. Here, we propose a resource-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yuefeng Lin , Chao Zheng , Cong Guo

The multi-path Traveling Salesman Problem with stochastic travel costs arises in hybrid vehicle routing applications designed for Smart City and City Logistics, where multiple paths exist between each pair of locations. Travel times along…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Xiaochen Chou , Ludovica Di Marco , Enza Messina

In combinatorial optimization, probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs) have gained significant attention for their acceleration of Monte Carlo sampling with the potential to reduce time-to-solution in finding approximate ground states. However,…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-06-18 Shuhan Yang , Andrea Grimaldi , Youwei Bao , Eleonora Raimondo , Jia Si , Giovanni Finocchio , Hyunsoo Yang

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical combinatorial optimisation problem. Deep learning has been successfully extended to meta-learning, where previous solving efforts assist in learning how to optimise future optimisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , A. K. Qin , Tabinda Sarwar

Real-world problems are very difficult to optimize. However, many researchers have been solving benchmark problems that have been extensively investigated for the last decades even if they have very few direct applications. The Traveling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Mohamed El Yafrani , Belaïd Ahiod