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We consider an N-level non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with an exceptional point of order N. We define adiabatic equivalence in such systems and explore topological phase. We show that the topological exceptional states appear at the interface of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 C. Yuce

In non-Hermitian systems, the defective band degeneracies, so-called exceptional points (EPs), can form robust exceptional lines (ELs) in 3D momentum space in the absence of any symmetries. Here, we show that a natural orientation can be…

Optics · Physics 2022-12-13 Ruo-Yang Zhang , Xiaohan Cui , Wen-Jie Chen , Zhao-Qing Zhang , C. T. Chan

Synthetic monopoles, which correspond to degeneracies of Hamiltonians, play a central role in understanding exotic topological phenomena. Dissipation-induced non-Herminicity (NH), extending the eigenspectra of Hamiltonians from the real to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Shou-Bang Yang , Pei-Rong Han , Wen Ning , Fan Wu , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian photonic systems have attracted considerable research interest due to their singular eigenvalue topology and associated anomalous physical phenomena. These properties enable diverse applications…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-17 Kaiyuan Wang , Qi Jie Wang , Matthew R. Foreman , Yu Luo

We develop a systematic framework for determining the nature of exceptional points of $n^{\rm th}$ order (EP$_n$s) in non-Hermitian (NH) systems, represented by complex square matrices. By expressing symmetry-preserving perturbations in the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Ipsita Mandal

Non-Hermitian (NH) systems can display exotic topological phenomena without Hermitian counterparts, enabled by exceptional points (EPs). So far, investigations of NH topology have been restricted to EPs of the NH Hamiltonian, which governs…

Exceptional points (EPs), at which more than one eigenvalue and eigenvector coalesce, are unique spectral features of Non-Hermiticity (NH) systems. They exist widely in open systems with complex energy spectra. We experimentally demonstrate…

Exceptional points (EPs) of non-Hermitian (NH) systems have recently attracted increasing attention due to their rich phenomenology and intriguing applications. Compared to the predominantly studied second-order EPs, higher-order EPs have…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-07 Kunkun Wang , Lei Xiao , Haiqing Lin , Wei Yi , Emil J. Bergholtz , Peng Xue

Exceptional degeneracies, at which both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, and parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry, reflecting balanced gain and loss in photonic systems, are paramount concepts in non-Hermitian systems. We here…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Marcus Stålhammar , Emil J. Bergholtz

Compared with Hermitian theory, non-Hermitian physics offers a fundamentally different mathematical framework, enabling the observation of topological phenomena that have no analogue in Hermitian systems. Among these, the exceptional point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Zhong-Sheng Chen , Wei-Xin Chen , Fan Wu , Zhong-Wei Xu , Jing Ma , Yun-Kun Jiang , Huai-Zhi Wu , Shi-Biao Zheng

Non-Hermiticity has emerged as a new paradigm for controlling coupled-mode systems in ways that cannot be achieved with conventional techniques. One aspect of this control that has received considerable attention recently is the encircling…

We study the interplay of two distinct non-Hermitian parameters: directional coupling and onsite gain-loss, together with topology, in coupled one-dimensional (1D) non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains. The SSH model represents…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-08-14 Sayan Jana , Lea Sirota

Exceptional points (EPs) play a vital role in non-Hermitian (NH) systems, driving unique dynamical phenomena and promising innovative applications. However, the NH dynamics at EPs remains obscure due to the incomplete biorthogonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 Yan Xing , Xuedong Zhao , Hui Jing , Shi-Lei Su

Exceptional points (EPs) are special singularities of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. At an EP, two or more eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce. Recently, EP-based optical gyroscope near an EP was extensively investigated to…

We introduce the exceptional topological insulator (ETI), a non-Hermitian topological state of matter that features exotic non-Hermitian surface states which can only exist within the three-dimensional topological bulk embedding. We show…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 M. Michael Denner , Anastasiia Skurativska , Frank Schindler , Mark H. Fischer , Ronny Thomale , Tomáš Bzdušek , Titus Neupert

Non-Hermitian (NH) systems, owing to the existence of exceptional point (or ring and surface), exhibit exotic topological features which are inaccessible in Hermitian systems. While current studies on NH topology has primarily focused on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Shou-Bang Yang , Pei-Rong Han , Wen Ning , Fan Wu , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng

We experimentally simulate in a photonic setting non-Hermitian (NH) metals characterized by the topological properties of their nodal band structures. Implementing nonunitary time evolution in reciprocal space followed by interferometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Kunkun Wang , Lei Xiao , Jan Carl Budich , Wei Yi , Peng Xue

The multipartite non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model is explored as a prototypical example of one-dimensional systems with several sublattice sites for unveiling intriguing insulating and metallic phases with no Hermitian counterparts.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Ritu Nehra , Dibyendu Roy

Exceptional points (EPs) have recently attracted considerable attention in the study of non-Hermitian systems and in applications such as sensors and mode switching. In particular, nontrivial topological structures of EPs have been studied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Kyu-Won Park , Jinuk Kim , Kabgyun Jeong

We investigate the topological properties of multiple exceptional points in non-Hermitian two-level systems, emphasizing vorticity as a topological invariant arising from complex energy structures. We categorize EP pairs as fundamental…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-19 Jung-Wan Ryu , Chang-Hwan Yi , Jae-Ho Han