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A key stumbling block for neural cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems has been the paucity of training data. The appearance of the MS MARCO monolingual training set led to significant advances in the state of the art in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-02 James Mayfield , Eugene Yang , Dawn Lawrie , Samuel Barham , Orion Weller , Marc Mason , Suraj Nair , Scott Miller

Existing multilingual embedding models often encounter challenges in cross-lingual scenarios due to imbalanced linguistic resources and less consideration of cross-lingual alignment during training. Although standardized contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Seungyoon Lee , Minhyuk Kim , Seongtae Hong , Youngjoon Jang , Dongsuk Oh , Heuiseok Lim

Cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims to generate a summary for the source text in a different target language. Currently, instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) excel at various English tasks. However, unlike languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Naifan Cheung , Nanyun Peng , Kai-wei Chang

Open-retrieval question answering systems are generally trained and tested on large datasets in well-established domains. However, low-resource settings such as new and emerging domains would especially benefit from reliable question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Alon Albalak , Sharon Levy , William Yang Wang

Information retrieval (IR) systems have played a vital role in modern digital life and have cemented their continued usefulness in this new era of generative AI via retrieval-augmented generation. With strong language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shijie Chen , Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Yu Su

In this work we present a systematic empirical study focused on the suitability of the state-of-the-art multilingual encoders for cross-lingual document and sentence retrieval tasks across a number of diverse language pairs. We first treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Goran Glavaš

Multilingual question answering tasks typically assume answers exist in the same language as the question. Yet in practice, many languages face both information scarcity -- where languages have few reference articles -- and information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Akari Asai , Jungo Kasai , Jonathan H. Clark , Kenton Lee , Eunsol Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Information retrieval across different languages is an increasingly important challenge in natural language processing. Recent approaches based on multilingual pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable success, yet they often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Adel Elmahdy , Sheng-Chieh Lin , Amin Ahmad

This paper reports on a study of cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) using the mT5-XXL reranker on the NeuCLIR track of TREC 2022. Perhaps the biggest contribution of this study is the finding that despite the mT5 model being…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Vitor Jeronymo , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Machine Translation for English Retrieval of Information in Any Language (MATERIAL) is an IARPA initiative targeted to advance the state of cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR). This report provides a detailed description of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Shantanu Agarwal , Joel Barry , Elizabeth Boschee , Scott Miller

Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) aims to rank the documents written in a language different from the user's query. The intrinsic gap between different languages is an essential challenge for CLIR. In this paper, we introduce the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Fuwei Zhang , Zhao Zhang , Xiang Ao , Dehong Gao , Fuzhen Zhuang , Yi Wei , Qing He

This paper explores a novel technique for improving recall in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems using iterative query refinement grounded in the user's lexical-semantic space. The proposed methodology combines multi-level…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Karthik Ravichandran , Sarmistha Sarna Gomasta

We present Cross-lingual Open-Retrieval Answer Generation (CORA), the first unified many-to-many question answering (QA) model that can answer questions across many languages, even for ones without language-specific annotated data or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Akari Asai , Xinyan Yu , Jungo Kasai , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

With the increasing utilization of multilingual text information, Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) has become a crucial research area. However, the impact of training data composition on both CLIR and Mono-Lingual Information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Youngjoon Jang , Junyoung Son , Taemin Lee , Seongtae Hong , Hyeonseok Moon , Seungyoon Lee , Andrew Matteson , Heuiseok Lim

Query translation (QT) is a key component in cross-lingual information retrieval system (CLIR). With the help of deep learning, neural machine translation (NMT) has shown promising results on various tasks. However, NMT is generally trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Tianchi Bi , Liang Yao , Baosong Yang , Haibo Zhang , Weihua Luo , Boxing Chen

Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) has become an important problem to solve in the recent years due to the growth of content in multiple languages in the Web. One of the standard methods is to use query translation from source to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-05 Paheli Bhattacharya , Pawan Goyal , Sudeshna Sarkar

While billions of non-English speaking users rely on search engines every day, the problem of ad-hoc information retrieval is rarely studied for non-English languages. This is primarily due to a lack of data set that are suitable to train…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Sean MacAvaney , Luca Soldaini , Nazli Goharian

Translation ambiguity, out of vocabulary words and missing some translations in bilingual dictionaries make dictionary-based Cross-language Information Retrieval (CLIR) a challenging task. Moreover, in agglutinative languages which do not…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-11-06 Javid Dadashkarimi , Azadeh Shakery , Heshaam Faili

As a crucial role in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), query translation has three main challenges: 1) the adequacy of translation; 2) the lack of in-domain parallel training data; and 3) the requisite of low latency. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Liang Yao , Baosong Yang , Haibo Zhang , Weihua Luo , Boxing Chen

Although more and more language pairs are covered by machine translation services, there are still many pairs that lack translation resources. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is an application which needs translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Wessel Kraaij , Jian-Yun Nie , Michel Simard