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Corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&A) account for billions of dollars of investment globally every year, and offer an interesting and challenging domain for artificial intelligence. However, in these highly sensitive domains, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Linyi Yang , Eoin M. Kenny , Tin Lok James Ng , Yi Yang , Barry Smyth , Ruihai Dong

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly essential as AI systems are deployed in critical fields such as healthcare and finance, offering transparency into AI-driven decisions. Two major XAI paradigms, counterfactual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jacob Sanderson , Hua Mao , Wai Lok Woo

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become critical in enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI systems, especially as these systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and finance.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shengxin Hong , Xiuyi Fan

Algorithmic recourse provides actionable recommendations to alter unfavorable predictions of machine learning models, enhancing transparency through counterfactual explanations. While significant progress has been made in algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xiao Han , Lu Zhang , Yongkai Wu , Shuhan Yuan

Explaining the predictions of opaque machine learning algorithms is an important and challenging task, especially as complex models are increasingly used to assist in high-stakes decisions such as those arising in healthcare and finance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 David S. Watson

Counterfactual instances offer human-interpretable insight into the local behaviour of machine learning models. We propose a general framework to generate sparse, in-distribution counterfactual model explanations which match a desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Arnaud Van Looveren , Janis Klaise , Giovanni Vacanti , Oliver Cobb

Explainable AI (XAI) is an active research area to interpret a neural network's decision by ensuring transparency and trust in the task-specified learned models. Recently, perturbation-based model analysis has shown better interpretation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mahesh Sudhakar , Sam Sattarzadeh , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Jongseong Jang , Yeonjeong Jeong , Hyunwoo Kim

Deep neural networks are one of the most successful classifiers across different domains. However, due to their limitations concerning interpretability their use is limited in safety critical context. The research field of explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Dominique Mercier , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Counterfactual explanations are a prominent example of post-hoc interpretability methods in the explainable Artificial Intelligence research domain. They provide individuals with alternative scenarios and a set of recommendations to achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Andrea Ferrario , Michele Loi

Data Attribution (DA) is an emerging approach in the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), aiming to identify influential training datapoints which determine model outputs. It seeks to provide transparency about the model and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Galip Ümit Yolcu , Moritz Weckbecker , Thomas Wiegand , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

Counterfactual explanations (CFE) are being widely used to explain algorithmic decisions, especially in consequential decision-making contexts (e.g., loan approval or pretrial bail). In this context, CFEs aim to provide individuals affected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Kiarash Mohammadi , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Gilles Barthe , Isabel Valera

Counterfactual explanations is one of the post-hoc methods used to provide explainability to machine learning models that have been attracting attention in recent years. Most examples in the literature, address the problem of generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Guillermo Navas-Palencia

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are typically deployed to explain and debug black-box machine learning models. However, most proposed XAI methods are black-boxes themselves and designed for images. Thus, they rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Udo Schlegel , Hiba Arnout , Mennatallah El-Assady , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim

This paper introduces a novel framework that accelerates the discovery of actionable relationships in high-dimensional temporal data by integrating machine learning (ML), explainable AI (XAI), and natural language processing (NLP) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jiztom Kavalakkatt Francis , Matthew J Darr

Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used to address interpretability, recourse, and bias in AI decisions. However, we do not know how well counterfactual explanations help users to understand a systems decisions, since no large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Greta Warren , Mark T Keane , Ruth M J Byrne

This study addresses generating counterfactual explanations with multimodal information. Our goal is not only to classify a video into a specific category, but also to provide explanations on why it is not categorized to a specific class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Atsushi Kanehira , Kentaro Takemoto , Sho Inayoshi , Tatsuya Harada

Time series data are valuable but are often inscrutable. Gaining trust in time series classifiers for finance, healthcare, and other critical applications may rely on creating interpretable models. Researchers have previously been forced to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Yuhui Wang , Diane J. Cook

The time allocation problem in multi-function cognitive radar systems focuses on the trade-off between scanning for newly emerging targets and tracking the previously detected targets. We formulate this as a multi-objective optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ziyang Lu , Subodh Kalia , M. Cenk Gursoy , Chilukuri K. Mohan , Pramod K. Varshney

We consider counterfactual explanations, the problem of minimally adjusting features in a source input instance so that it is classified as a target class under a given classifier. This has become a topic of recent interest as a way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán , Suryabhan Singh Hada

High-dimensional multivariate time series are challenging due to the dependent and high-dimensional nature of the data, but in many applications there is additional structure that can be exploited to reduce computing time along with…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-13 Michael Schweinberger , Sergii Babkin , Katherine Ensor