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While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show significant promise for end-to-end autonomous driving by leveraging the common sense embedded in language models, their reliance on 2D image cues for complex scene understanding and decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weijie Wei , Zhipeng Luo , Ling Feng , Venice Erin Liong

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated exceptional comprehension and interpretation capabilities in Autonomous Driving (AD) by incorporating large language models. Despite the advancements, current data-driven AD approaches tend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zhijian Huang , Chengjian Feng , Feng Yan , Baihui Xiao , Zequn Jie , Yujie Zhong , Xiaodan Liang , Lin Ma

Recent Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in learning joint representations from text and images. However, their spatial reasoning remains limited. We introduce 3DFroMLLM, a novel framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Noor Ahmed , Cameron Braunstein , Steffen Eger , Eddy Ilg

Lidars and cameras are critical sensors that provide complementary information for 3D detection in autonomous driving. While prevalent multi-modal methods simply decorate raw lidar point clouds with camera features and feed them directly to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yingwei Li , Adams Wei Yu , Tianjian Meng , Ben Caine , Jiquan Ngiam , Daiyi Peng , Junyang Shen , Bo Wu , Yifeng Lu , Denny Zhou , Quoc V. Le , Alan Yuille , Mingxing Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as promising candidates for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, these models typically face challenges in inference latency, action precision, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jiaru Zhang , Manav Gagvani , Can Cui , Juntong Peng , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Constructing large-scale labeled datasets for multi-modal perception model training in autonomous driving presents significant challenges. This has motivated the development of self-supervised pretraining strategies. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiaohao Xu , Ye Li , Tianyi Zhang , Jinrong Yang , Matthew Johnson-Roberson , Xiaonan Huang

LiDAR and camera are two critical sensors for multi-modal 3D semantic segmentation and are supposed to be fused efficiently and robustly to promise safety in various real-world scenarios. However, existing multi-modal methods face two key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Feng Jiang , Chaoping Tu , Gang Zhang , Jun Li , Hanqing Huang , Junyu Lin , Di Feng , Jian Pu

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to redefine transportation by enhancing road safety, minimizing human error, and optimizing traffic efficiency. The success of AVs depends on their ability to interpret complex, dynamic environments…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Abolfazl Zarghani , Amirhossein Ebrahimi , Amir Malekesfandiari

Recent LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection (3DOD) methods show promising results, but they often do not generalize well to target domains outside the source (or training) data distribution. To reduce such domain gaps and thus to make 3DOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Gyusam Chang , Wonseok Roh , Sujin Jang , Dongwook Lee , Daehyun Ji , Gyeongrok Oh , Jinsun Park , Jinkyu Kim , Sangpil Kim

Human drivers rely on commonsense reasoning to navigate diverse and dynamic real-world scenarios. Existing end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving (AD) models are typically optimized to mimic driving patterns observed in data, without capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yi Xu , Yuxin Hu , Zaiwei Zhang , Gregory P. Meyer , Siva Karthik Mustikovela , Siddhartha Srinivasa , Eric M. Wolff , Xin Huang

In this paper, we introduce the first large-scale video prediction model in the autonomous driving discipline. To eliminate the restriction of high-cost data collection and empower the generalization ability of our model, we acquire massive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Jiazhi Yang , Shenyuan Gao , Yihang Qiu , Li Chen , Tianyu Li , Bo Dai , Kashyap Chitta , Penghao Wu , Jia Zeng , Ping Luo , Jun Zhang , Andreas Geiger , Yu Qiao , Hongyang Li

In this technical study, we introduce VFusedSeg3D, an innovative multi-modal fusion system created by the VisionRD team that combines camera and LiDAR data to significantly enhance the accuracy of 3D perception. VFusedSeg3D uses the rich…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Osama Amjad , Ammad Nadeem

Autonomous driving sensors generate an enormous amount of data. In this paper, we explore learned multimodal compression for autonomous driving, specifically targeted at 3D object detection. We focus on camera and LiDAR modalities and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-16 Hadi Hadizadeh , Ivan V. Bajić

Trajectory prediction serves as a critical functionality in autonomous driving, enabling the anticipation of future motion paths for traffic participants such as vehicles and pedestrians, which is essential for driving safety. Although…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wei Dai , Shengen Wu , Wei Wu , Zhenhao Wang , Sisuo Lyu , Haicheng Liao , Limin Yu , Weiping Ding , Runwei Guan , Yutao Yue

Recent advancements in perception for autonomous driving are driven by deep learning. In order to achieve robust and accurate scene understanding, autonomous vehicles are usually equipped with different sensors (e.g. cameras, LiDARs,…

LiDAR representation learning has emerged as a promising approach to reducing reliance on costly and labor-intensive human annotations. While existing methods primarily focus on spatial alignment between LiDAR and camera sensors, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiang Xu , Lingdong Kong , Hui Shuai , Wenwei Zhang , Liang Pan , Kai Chen , Ziwei Liu , Qingshan Liu

This research introduces a transformative framework for integrating Vision-Enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced transformer-based architectures to tackle challenges in high-resolution image synthesis and multimodal data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Karthikeya KV

Vision-language models (VLMs) serve as general-purpose end-to-end models in autonomous driving, performing subtasks such as prediction, planning, and perception through question-and-answer interactions. However, most existing methods rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Enming Zhang , Xingyuan Dai , Min Huang , Yisheng Lv , Qinghai Miao

Accurately localizing 3D objects like pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles is essential in Autonomous Driving. To ensure high detection performance, Autonomous Vehicles complement RGB cameras with LiDAR sensors, but effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Carlo Sgaravatti , Riccardo Pieroni , Matteo Corno , Sergio M. Savaresi , Luca Magri , Giacomo Boracchi

Source-Free Object Detection (SFOD) aims to adapt a source-pretrained object detector to a target domain without access to source data. However, existing SFOD methods predominantly rely on internal knowledge from the source model, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Huizai Yao , Sicheng Zhao , Pengteng Li , Yi Cui , Shuo Lu , Weiyu Guo , Yunfan Lu , Yijie Xu , Hui Xiong