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We introduce and study a class of probabilistic generative models, where the latent object is a finite-dimensional diffusion process on a finite time interval and the observed variable is drawn conditionally on the terminal point of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-03 Belinda Tzen , Maxim Raginsky

Deep generative models produce data according to a learned representation, e.g. diffusion models, through a process of approximation computing possible samples. Approximation can be understood as reconstruction and the large datasets used…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Luís Arandas , Mick Grierson , Miguel Carvalhais

Diffusion models generate high-dimensional data with remarkable quality, yet how their training efficiently learns the score function, bypassing the curse of dimensionality when data is supported on low-dimensional manifolds, remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Wei Huang , Andi Han , Mingyuan Bai , Huanjian Zhou , Qixin Zhang , Taiji Suzuki , Kenji Fukumizu

Generative diffusion models showed high success in many fields with a powerful theoretical background. They convert the data distribution to noise and remove the noise back to obtain a similar distribution. Many existing reviews focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Melike Nur Yeğin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyalı

We introduce generative models for accelerating simulations of complex systems through learning and evolving their effective dynamics. In the proposed Generative Learning of Effective Dynamics (G-LED), instances of high dimensional data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Han Gao , Sebastian Kaltenbach , Petros Koumoutsakos

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image and video generation. In this work, we demonstrate that diffusion models can also \textit{generate high-performing neural network parameters}. Our approach is simple, utilizing an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Kai Wang , Dongwen Tang , Boya Zeng , Yida Yin , Zhaopan Xu , Yukun Zhou , Zelin Zang , Trevor Darrell , Zhuang Liu , Yang You

Diffusion models power leading generative AI, but when and how they memorize training data, especially on low-dimensional manifolds, remains unclear. We find memorization emerges gradually, not abruptly: as data become scarce, diffusion…

Diffusion-based generative models have achieved promising results recently, but raise an array of open questions in terms of conceptual understanding, theoretical analysis, algorithm improvement and extensions to discrete, structured,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Xingchao Liu , Lemeng Wu , Mao Ye , Qiang Liu

Generative models have recently revolutionized image generation tasks across diverse domains, including galaxy image synthesis. This study investigates the statistical learning and consistency of three generative models: light-weight-gan (a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-13 Jean-Eric Campagne

Diffusion-based generative models are a design framework that allows generating new images from processes analogous to those found in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. These models model the reversal of a physical diffusion process in which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jordi de la Torre

Deep generative models have garnered significant attention in low-level vision tasks due to their generative capabilities. Among them, diffusion model-based solutions, characterized by a forward diffusion process and a reverse denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chunming He , Yuqi Shen , Chengyu Fang , Fengyang Xiao , Longxiang Tang , Yulun Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Zhenhua Guo , Xiu Li

The proliferation of generative artificial intelligence has given rise to an interactive learning environment, where model parameters are continuously updated using not only data generated by natural processes, but also synthetic outputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuchen Wu , Kangjie Zhou , Weijie Su

Understanding the structure of real data is paramount in advancing modern deep-learning methodologies. Natural data such as images are believed to be composed of features organized in a hierarchical and combinatorial manner, which neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-25 Antonio Sclocchi , Alessandro Favero , Matthieu Wyart

It is known that recursive training from generative models can lead to the so called `collapse' of the simulated probability distribution. This note shows that one in fact gets two different asymptotic behaviours depending on whether an…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Vivek Shripad Borkar

Using statistical physics methods, we study generative diffusion models in the regime where the dimension of space and the number of data are large, and the score function has been trained optimally. Our analysis reveals three distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Giulio Biroli , Tony Bonnaire , Valentin de Bortoli , Marc Mézard

Recursive Self-Improvement (RSI) enables intelligence systems to autonomously refine their capabilities. This paper explores the application of RSI in text-to-image diffusion models, addressing the challenge of training collapse caused by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Xulu Zhang , Xiaoyong Wei , Jinlin Wu , Jiaxin Wu , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Zhen Lei , Qing Li

We introduce Diffusion Active Learning, a novel approach that combines generative diffusion modeling with data-driven sequential experimental design to adaptively acquire data for inverse problems. Although broadly applicable, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Luis Barba , Johannes Kirschner , Tomas Aidukas , Manuel Guizar-Sicairos , Benjamín Béjar

Diffusion models are powerful generative models that produce high-quality samples from complex data. While their infinite-data behavior is well understood, their generalization with finite data remains less clear. Classical learning theory…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Claudia Merger , Sebastian Goldt

This paper explores the challenges and benefits of a trainable destruction process in diffusion samplers -- diffusion-based generative models trained to sample an unnormalised density without access to data samples. Contrary to the majority…

We provide an overview of the diffusion model as a method to generate new samples. Generative models have been recently adopted for tasks such as art generation (Stable Diffusion, Dall-E) and text generation (ChatGPT). Diffusion models in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-13 Justin Le