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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

This paper introduces VideoScan, an efficient vision-language model (VLM) inference framework designed for real-time video interaction that effectively comprehends and retains streamed video inputs while delivering rapid and accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ruanjun Li , Yuedong Tan , Yuanming Shi , Jiawei Shao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are widely used for visual perception, understanding, and reasoning. However, long video processing and precise moment retrieval remain challenging due to LLMs' limited context size and coarse frame…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Weiheng Lu , Jian Li , An Yu , Ming-Ching Chang , Shengpeng Ji , Min Xia

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) process a large number of visual tokens, leading to significant computational costs and inefficiency. Instruction-related visual token compression demonstrates strong task relevance, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lei Lei , Jie Gu , Xiaokang Ma , Chu Tang , Jingmin Chen , Tong Xu

Long video understanding is inherently challenging for vision-language models (VLMs) because of the extensive number of frames. With each video frame typically expanding into tens or hundreds of tokens, the limited context length of large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zheyu Zhang , Ziqi Pang , Shixing Chen , Xiang Hao , Vimal Bhat , Yu-Xiong Wang

In light of recent advances in multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs), there is increasing attention to scaling them from image-text data to more informative real-world videos. Compared to static images, video poses unique challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yang Jin , Zhicheng Sun , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Hao Jiang , Quzhe Huang , Chengru Song , Yuliang Liu , Di Zhang , Yang Song , Kun Gai , Yadong Mu

Typical video modeling methods, such as LLava, represent videos as sequences of visual tokens, which are then processed by the LLM backbone for effective video understanding. However, this approach leads to a massive number of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Hongzhi Zhang , Jingyuan Zhang , Xingguang Ji , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) typically encode an image into a fixed number of visual tokens (e.g., 576) and process these tokens with a language model. Despite their strong performance, LVLMs face challenges in adapting to varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Wenbo Hu , Zi-Yi Dou , Liunian Harold Li , Amita Kamath , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) achieves robust speech recognition in noisy environments by combining auditory and visual information. However, recent Large Language Model (LLM) based AVSR systems incur high computational costs due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jeong Hun Yeo , Hyeongseop Rha , Se Jin Park , Yong Man Ro

Transformer-based models have driven significant advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet their computational costs surge drastically when scaling resolution, training data, and model parameters. A key bottleneck stems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Weili Zeng , Ziyuan Huang , Kaixiang Ji , Yichao Yan

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) encode visual inputs as dense sequences of patch-level tokens to capture fine-grained semantics. These visual tokens often outnumber their textual counterparts by a large margin, leading to substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Rui Xu , Yunke Wang , Yong Luo , Bo Du

Self-attention and transformers have been widely used in deep learning. Recent efforts have been devoted to incorporating transformer blocks into different neural architectures, including those with convolutions, leading to various visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang

In vision-language models (VLMs), visual tokens usually bear a significant amount of computational overhead despite sparsity of information in them when compared to text tokens. To address this, most existing methods learn a network to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yuan Zhang , Chun-Kai Fan , Junpeng Ma , Wenzhao Zheng , Tao Huang , Kuan Cheng , Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer , Shanghang Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) deliver exceptional performance but require significant computational resources, limiting their deployment on mobile and edge devices. Smaller VLMs typically mirror design choices of larger models, such…

Recently, large multimodal models (LMMs) have achieved significant advancements. When dealing with high-resolution images, dominant LMMs typically divide them into multiple local images and a global image, leading to a large number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhibin Lan , Liqiang Niu , Fandong Meng , Wenbo Li , Jie Zhou , Jinsong Su

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) such as GPT-4V have demonstrated remarkable advancements, excelling in a variety of vision-language tasks. Despite their prowess, the closed-source nature and computational demands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zhengqing Yuan , Zhaoxu Li , Weiran Huang , Yanfang Ye , Lichao Sun

The advent of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has significantly enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) to process and interpret diverse data modalities (e.g., image and video). However, as input complexity increases, particularly with long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Shilin Yan , Jiaming Han , Joey Tsai , Hongwei Xue , Rongyao Fang , Lingyi Hong , Ziyu Guo , Ray Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in vision understanding, reasoning, and interaction. However, the inference computation and memory increase progressively with the generation of output tokens during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Wenxuan Huang , Zijie Zhai , Yunhang Shen , Shaosheng Cao , Fei Zhao , Xiangfeng Xu , Zheyu Ye , Yao Hu , Shaohui Lin

Prevailing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) encode the input image(s) as vision tokens and feed them into the language backbone, similar to how Large Language Models (LLMs) process the text tokens. However, the number of vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shiyu Zhao , Zhenting Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Xide Xia , Miao Liu , Xiaofang Wang , Mingfu Liang , Ning Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Licheng Yu

Key-Value (KV) cache has become a de facto component of modern Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) for inference. While it enhances decoding efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs), its direct adoption in LVLMs introduces substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xihao Chen , Yangyang Guo , Roger Zimmermann