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Vision-language models (VLMs), despite their extraordinary zero-shot capabilities, are vulnerable to distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) emerges as a predominant strategy to adapt VLMs to unlabeled test data on the fly. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhichen Zeng , Wenxuan Bao , Xiao Lin , Ruizhong Qiu , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Yuchen Yan , Chen Luo , Monica Xiao Cheng , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Vision-language models (VLMs) are gaining attention in medical image analysis. These are pre-trained on large, heterogeneous data sources, yielding rich and transferable representations. Notably, the combination of modality-specialized VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Julio Silva-Rodríguez , Fereshteh Shakeri , Houda Bahig , Jose Dolz , Ismail Ben Ayed

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become prominent in open-world image recognition for their strong generalization abilities. Yet, their effectiveness in practical applications is compromised by domain shifts and distributional changes,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Qiyuan Dai , Sibei Yang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods have gained significant attention for enhancing the performance of vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP during inference, without requiring additional labeled data. However, current TTA researches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Lijun Sheng , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

Vision-language object detectors (VLODs) such as YOLO-World and Grounding DINO exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but their performance degrades under distribution shift. Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a practical way to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Atif Belal , Heitor R. Medeiros , Marco Pedersoli , Eric Granger

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) has attracted increasing attention for tackling the issue of distribution shift during the test phase. While prior methods have shown effectiveness in addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Baoshun Tong , Kaiyu Song , Hanjiang Lai

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show promise as zero-shot goal-conditioned value functions, but their frozen pre-trained representations limit generalization and temporal reasoning. We introduce VITA, a zero-shot value function learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Christos Ziakas , Alessandra Russo

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has gained increasing popularity due to its efficacy in addressing ``distribution shift'' issue while simultaneously protecting data privacy. However, most prior methods assume that a paired source domain model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Aiming Zhang , Tianyuan Yu , Liang Bai , Jun Tang , Yanming Guo , Yirun Ruan , Yun Zhou , Zhihe Lu

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot generalization but suffer performance degradation under distribution shifts in downstream tasks, particularly in the absence of labeled data. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Phuoc-Nguyen Bui , Hyunseung Choo , Duc Thanh Nguyen

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive zero-shot generalization through large-scale image-text pretraining, yet their performance can drop once the deployment distribution diverges from the training distribution. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaozhen Qiao , Jingkai Zhao , Yuqiu Jiang , Xianda Guo , Zhe Sun , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP achieve strong zero-shot recognition by comparing image embeddings to text-derived class prototypes. However, under domain shift, they suffer from feature drift, class-prior mismatch, and severe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Byunghyun Kim

Recently, test-time adaptation has garnered attention as a method for tuning models without labeled data. The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time primarily focuses on tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Raza Imam , Asif Hanif , Jian Zhang , Khaled Waleed Dawoud , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mohammad Yaqub

The rapid advancements in vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have intensified the need to address distribution shifts between training and testing datasets. Although prior Test-Time Training (TTT) techniques for VLMs have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yuto Kojima , Jiarui Xu , Xueyan Zou , Xiaolong Wang

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian

Recently, test-time adaptation has attracted wide interest in the context of vision-language models for image classification. However, to the best of our knowledge, the problem is completely overlooked in dense prediction tasks such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mehrdad Noori , David Osowiechi , Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Sahar Dastani , Farzad Beizaee , Ismail Ben Ayed , Christian Desrosiers

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot capabilities but struggle with distribution shifts in downstream tasks when labeled data is unavailable, which has motivated the development of Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yiwen Liang , Hui Chen , Yizhe Xiong , Zihan Zhou , Mengyao Lyu , Zijia Lin , Shuaicheng Niu , Sicheng Zhao , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time involves tuning learnable prompts, ie, test-time prompt tuning. This paper introduces Test-Time Low-rank adaptation (TTL) as an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Raza Imam , Hanan Gani , Muhammad Huzaifa , Karthik Nandakumar

Vision-language temporal alignment is a crucial capability for human dynamic recognition and cognition in real-world scenarios. While existing research focuses on capturing vision-language relevance, it faces limitations due to biased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Hao Du , Bo Wu , Yan Lu , Zhendong Mao

Online test-time adaptation (OTTA) of vision-language models (VLMs) has recently garnered increased attention to take advantage of data observed along a stream to improve future predictions. Unfortunately, existing methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Clément Fuchs , Maxime Zanella , Christophe De Vleeschouwer
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