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This study explores the challenge of sentence-level AI-generated text detection within human-AI collaborative hybrid texts. Existing studies of AI-generated text detection for hybrid texts often rely on synthetic datasets. These typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zijie Zeng , Shiqi Liu , Lele Sha , Zhuang Li , Kaixun Yang , Sannyuya Liu , Dragan Gašević , Guanliang Chen

Neural text detectors aim to decide the characteristics that distinguish neural (machine-generated) from human texts. To challenge such detectors, adversarial attacks can alter the statistical characteristics of the generated text, making…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Gongbo Liang , Jesus Guerrero , Izzat Alsmadi

In the present-day scenario, Large Language Models (LLMs) are establishing their presence as powerful instruments permeating various sectors of society. While their utility offers valuable support to individuals, there are multiple concerns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Monica Millunzi , Amelia Sorrenti , Lorenzo Baraldi , Daryna Dementieva

Advances in AI-generated content have led to wide adoption of large language models, diffusion-based visual generators, and synthetic audio tools. However, these developments raise critical concerns about misinformation, copyright…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lele Cao

Recent work has demonstrated the vulnerability of modern text classifiers to universal adversarial attacks, which are input-agnostic sequences of words added to text processed by classifiers. Despite being successful, the word sequences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Liwei Song , Xinwei Yu , Hsuan-Tung Peng , Karthik Narasimhan

Despite considerable progress in the development of machine-text detectors, it has been suggested that the problem is inherently hard, and therefore, that stakeholders should proceed under the assumption that machine-generated text cannot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rafael Rivera Soto , Barry Chen , Nicholas Andrews

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made detecting AI-generated text an increasingly critical challenge. Traditional methods often fail to capture the nuanced semantic differences between human and machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lifu Gao , Ziwei Liu , Qi Zhang

The rapid adoption of generative language models has brought about substantial advancements in digital communication, while simultaneously raising concerns regarding the potential misuse of AI-generated content. Although numerous detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Weixin Liang , Mert Yuksekgonul , Yining Mao , Eric Wu , James Zou

Most adversarial threats in artificial intelligence (AI) target the computational behavior of models rather than the humans who rely on them. Yet modern AI systems increasingly operate within human decision loops, where users interpret and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shutong Fan , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyong Yuan

Machine-generated texts (MGTs) produced by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly prevalent across various applications, while their potential misuse in fake news propagation and phishing has raised serious concerns, highlighting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Defu Lian

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) poses potential risks, motivating the development of machine-generated text (MGT) detection. Existing literature primarily concentrates on binary, document-level detection, thereby neglecting texts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhixiong Su , Yichen Wang , Herun Wan , Zhaohan Zhang , Minnan Luo

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on spurious correlations also causes systems to struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel , Hamid Palangi , Maarten Sap , Dipankar Ray , Ece Kamar

As large language models (LLMs) become more advanced, it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between human-written and AI-generated text. This paper draws a conceptual parallel between quantum uncertainty and the limits of authorship…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aadil Gani Ganie

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, reliable methods for detecting AI-generated text are critical for mitigating potential risks. We introduce DependencyAI, a simple and interpretable approach for detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sara Ahmed , Tracy Hammond

A new generation of AI models generates step-by-step reasoning text before producing an answer. This text appears to offer a human-readable window into their computation process, and is increasingly relied upon for transparency and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Mosh Levy , Zohar Elyoseph , Yoav Goldberg

AI-generated text (AIGT) detection evasion aims to reduce the detection probability of AIGT, helping to identify weaknesses in detectors and enhance their effectiveness and reliability in practical applications. Although existing evasion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yinghan Zhou , Juan Wen , Wanli Peng , Zhengxian Wu , Ziwei Zhang , Yiming Xue

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to increasingly human-like AI-generated text, raising concerns about content authenticity, misinformation, and trustworthiness. Addressing the challenge of reliably detecting…

Adversarial purification is a defense mechanism for safeguarding classifiers against adversarial attacks without knowing the type of attacks or training of the classifier. These techniques characterize and eliminate adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Raha Moraffah , Shubh Khandelwal , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate highly persuasive text, raising concerns about their misuse for propaganda, manipulation, and other harmful purposes. This leads us to our central question: Is LLM-generated persuasion more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Arkadiusz Modzelewski , Paweł Golik , Anna Kołos , Giovanni Da San Martino

Paraphrase plagiarism is one of the difficult challenges facing plagiarism detection systems. Paraphrasing occur when texts are lexically or syntactically altered to look different, but retain their original meaning. Most plagiarism…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Victor Thompson