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Counterspeech is a targeted response to counteract and challenge abusive or hateful content. It effectively curbs the spread of hatred and fosters constructive online communication. Previous studies have proposed different strategies for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xiaoying Song , Sujana Mamidisetty , Eduardo Blanco , Lingzi Hong

Background: Deception detection through analysing language is a promising avenue using both human judgments and automated machine learning judgments. For both forms of credibility assessment, automated adversarial attacks that rewrite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bennett Kleinberg , Riccardo Loconte , Bruno Verschuere

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gearing up to surpass human creativity. The veracity of the statement needs careful consideration. In recent developments, critical questions arise regarding the authenticity of human work and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sai Teja Lekkala , Yadagiri Annepaka , Arun Kumar Challa , Samatha Reddy Machireddy , Partha Pakray , Chukhu Chunka

We present Pangram Text, a transformer-based neural network trained to distinguish text written by large language models from text written by humans. Pangram Text outperforms zero-shot methods such as DetectGPT as well as leading commercial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Bradley Emi , Max Spero

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made it increasingly difficult to distinguish human-written text from AI-generated content. Many existing detectors train supervised neural classifiers that achieve strong in-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pingfan Su , Kai Ye , Shijin Gong , Erhan Xu , Jin Zhu , Giulia Livieri , Chengchun Shi

Large language models (LLMs) present significant risks when used to generate non-factual content and spread disinformation at scale. Detecting such LLM-generated content is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ran Li , Wei Hao , Weiliang Zhao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

High-quality text generation capability of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) causes concerns about their misuse (e.g., in massive generation/spread of disinformation). Machine-generated text (MGT) detection is important to cope with such…

Prior studies have shown that distinguishing text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) from human-written one is highly challenging for humans, and often no better than random guessing. To verify the generalizability of this finding…

The proliferation of large language models has raised growing concerns about their misuse, particularly in cases where AI-generated text is falsely attributed to human authors. Machine-generated content detectors claim to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Brian Tufts , Xuandong Zhao , Lei Li

Recent advancements in Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic content, raising concerns about the potential for malicious use, such as misinformation and manipulation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Andrea Pedrotti , Michele Papucci , Cristiano Ciaccio , Alessio Miaschi , Giovanni Puccetti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Andrea Esuli

AI-text detectors achieve high accuracy on in-domain benchmarks, but often struggle to generalize across different generation conditions such as unseen prompts, model families, or domains. While prior work has reported these generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxi Xia , Kinga Stańczak , Benjamin Roth

Research shows that natural language processing models are generally considered to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks; but recent work has drawn attention to the issue of validating these adversarial inputs against certain criteria (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Maximilian Mozes , Max Bartolo , Pontus Stenetorp , Bennett Kleinberg , Lewis D. Griffin

We find that large language models (LLMs) are more likely to modify human-written text than AI-generated text when tasked with rewriting. This tendency arises because LLMs often perceive AI-generated text as high-quality, leading to fewer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chengzhi Mao , Carl Vondrick , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang

Following the universal availability of generative AI systems with the release of ChatGPT, automatic detection of deceptive text created by Large Language Models has focused on domains such as academic plagiarism and "fake news". However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Andrea Cristina McGlinchey , Peter J Barclay

The misuse of large language models (LLMs), such as academic plagiarism, has driven the development of detectors to identify LLM-generated texts. To bypass these detectors, paraphrase attacks have emerged to purposely rewrite these texts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Hao Fang , Jiawei Kong , Tianqu Zhuang , Yixiang Qiu , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models has significantly increased the difficulty of distinguishing between human-written and AI generated texts, raising critical issues across academic, editorial, and social domains. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Cristian Buttaro , Irene Amerini

The power of natural language generation models has provoked a flurry of interest in automatic methods to detect if a piece of text is human or machine-authored. The problem so far has been framed in a standard supervised way and consists…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Matthias Gallé , Jos Rozen , Germán Kruszewski , Hady Elsahar

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of text generation, producing outputs that closely mimic human-like writing. Although academic and industrial institutions have developed detectors to prevent the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tianchun Wang , Yuanzhou Chen , Zichuan Liu , Zhanwen Chen , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang , Wei Cheng

Text generative models (TGMs) excel in producing text that matches the style of human language reasonably well. Such TGMs can be misused by adversaries, e.g., by automatically generating fake news and fake product reviews that can look…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Ganesh Jawahar , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan

As text generation systems' outputs are increasingly anthropomorphic -- perceived as human-like -- scholars have also increasingly raised concerns about how such outputs can lead to harmful outcomes, such as users over-relying or developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Myra Cheng , Su Lin Blodgett , Alicia DeVrio , Lisa Egede , Alexandra Olteanu