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Robust distributed learning algorithms aim to maintain reliable performance despite the presence of misbehaving workers. Such misbehaviors are commonly modeled as Byzantine failures, allowing arbitrarily corrupted communication, or as data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Thomas Boudou , Batiste Le Bars , Nirupam Gupta , Aurélien Bellet

Recent attacks on critical infrastructure, including the 2021 Oldsmar water treatment breach and 2023 Danish energy sector compromises, highlight urgent security gaps in Industrial IoT (IIoT) deployments. While Federated Learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Samaresh Kumar Singh , Joyjit Roy , Martin So

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that facilitates collaboration among participants across demographics. FL enables model sharing, while restricting the movement of data. Since FL provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Harsh Kasyap , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu , Carsten Maple , Somanath Tripathy

This paper proposes a general spectral analysis framework that thwarts a security risk in federated Learning caused by groups of malicious Byzantine attackers or colluders, who conspire to upload vicious model updates to severely debase…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Hanlin Gu , Lixin Fan , Xingxing Tang , Qiang Yang

Privacy of the clients' data and security against Byzantine clients are key challenges in Federated Learning (FL). Existing solutions to joint privacy and security incur sacrifices on the privacy guarantee. We introduce LoByITFL, the first…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yue Xia , Maximilian Egger , Christoph Hofmeister , Rawad Bitar

In this paper, we investigate the challenging framework of Byzantine-robust training in distributed machine learning (ML) systems, focusing on enhancing both efficiency and practicality. As distributed ML systems become integral for complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Tehila Dahan , Kfir Y. Levy

In this work, we consider the distributed stochastic optimization problem of minimizing a non-convex function $f(x) = \mathbb{E}_{\xi \sim \mathcal{D}} f(x; \xi)$ in an adversarial setting, where the individual functions $f(x; \xi)$ can…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-11 Prashant Khanduri , Saikiran Bulusu , Pranay Sharma , Pramod K. Varshney

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without exposing clients' private data, and has been widely adopted in privacy-sensitive scenarios. However, FL faces two critical security threats: curious servers that may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yiwen Lu

Recent advancements in machine learning have improved performance while also increasing computational demands. While federated and distributed setups address these issues, their structures remain vulnerable to malicious influences. In this…

We study stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with local iterations in the presence of malicious/Byzantine clients, motivated by the federated learning. The clients, instead of communicating with the central server in every iteration, maintain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-18 Deepesh Data , Suhas Diggavi

We revisit Byzantine robust distributed estimation for high-dimensional sparse linear models. By combining local $\ell_1$-regularized robust estimation with robust aggregation at the server, the framework applies to pseudo-Huber regression,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuxuan Wang , Lixin Zhang , Kangqiang Li

The collaborative nature of federated learning (FL) poses a major threat in the form of manipulation of local training data and local updates, known as the Byzantine poisoning attack. To address this issue, many Byzantine-robust aggregation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Zirui Gong , Liyue Shen , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Jingwei Wang , Guangdong Bai , Yong Xiang

In this paper, we study the problem of distributed training (DT) under Byzantine attacks with communication constraints. While prior work has developed various robust aggregation rules at the server to enhance robustness to Byzantine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chengxi Li , Youssef Allouah , Rachid Guerraoui , Mikael Skoglund , Ming Xiao

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for managing electric vehicle (EV) battery data in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), enabling privacy-preserving tasks such as anomaly detection and capacity estimation.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mouhamed Amine Bouchiha , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Multi-task learning is an effective way to address the challenge of model personalization caused by high data heterogeneity in federated learning. However, extending multi-task learning to the online decentralized federated learning setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Olusola Odeyomi , Sofiat Olaosebikan , Ajibuwa Opeyemi , Oluwadoyinsola Ige

We propose a novel robust aggregation rule for distributed synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent~(SGD) under a general Byzantine failure model. The attackers can arbitrarily manipulate the data transferred between the servers and the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Cong Xie , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Indranil Gupta

We study the problem of Byzantine fault tolerance in a distributed optimization setting, where there is a group of $N$ agents communicating with a trusted centralized coordinator. Among these agents, there is a subset of $f$ agents that may…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Amit Dutta , Thinh T. Doan , Jeffrey H. Reed

Federated Recommendation (FR) has received considerable popularity and attention in the past few years. In FR, for each user, its feature vector and interaction data are kept locally on its own client thus are private to others. Without the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dazhong Rong , Shuai Ye , Ruoyan Zhao , Hon Ning Yuen , Jianhai Chen , Qinming He

Gradient-based training in federated learning is known to be vulnerable to faulty/malicious clients, which are often modeled as Byzantine clients. To this end, previous work either makes use of auxiliary data at parameter server to verify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jian Xu , Shao-Lun Huang , Linqi Song , Tian Lan

Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms are at the core of providing safety and liveness guarantees for distributed systems that must operate in the presence of arbitrary failures. Recently, numerous new BFT algorithms have been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Gengrui Zhang , Fei Pan , Yunhao Mao , Sofia Tijanic , Michael Dang'ana , Shashank Motepalli , Shiquan Zhang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen